Abstract: An oscillator circuit (100, 200, 300, 10, 11) comprising a resonator (105) connected serially with a series to series feedback amplifier (110, 92), in which the series to series amplifier comprises a feedback network (210, 91) which has an impedance value which is below a certain first predefined limit and a phase value which increases with the operational frequency of the oscillator circuit with a rate which is above a second predefined limit. In one embodiment, the impedance value of the feedback network (210, 91) also varies with the operational frequency of the oscillator circuit, but is always below said first predefined value within the operational frequency of the oscillator circuit.

Abstract: A dual mode filter (200, 500, 900) comprising an input (Pin) and an output port (Pout) and a non-conducting substrate (205, 505), and first (215, 510, 902) and second (210, 540, 901) conductors which connect the input port to the output port. The conductors are arranged on or in the substrate, and the first conductor is longer than the second conductor by 50%. Either the first or the second conductor comprises a perturbation element (208, 530, 915) at a central position. The first conductor is arranged between the input port and the output port with a number of sections (216-222; 511-519; 931-933, 936-938), at least some of which are parallel to each other, and arranged so that the current in a section which has one or more other sections in parallel to it always flows in the same direction as the current in the most adjacent of said other sections.

Abstract: A sub-harmonic mixer comprising a mixer circuit with input ports for RF and LO signals, and an output port for the product of the signals at the input ports, and an LO switching stage with input ports for an LO signal and the LO signal phase shifted 180 degrees. The LO switching stage comprises a third input port to which the output port of the mixer circuit is connected and a first output port for the product of the signal at its third and first input ports, and a second output port for the product of the signal at the third and second input ports with the same amplitude as the first output signal 180 degrees phase shifted. In the sub-harmonic mixer the mixer circuit comprises a transconductance mixer.

Abstract: A mixer circuit (200, 300, 800, 900) for mixing a first input signal at a first frequency with a second input signal at a second frequency to an output signal at a third frequency. The mixer circuit (200, 300, 800, 900) comprises a mixing stage (205, 805) with differential input ports (206, 207; 820, 821) for the first input signal and an input port (211, 911) for the second input signal and differential output ports for the output signal, which also serve as output ports for the mixer circuit. The mixer circuit (200, 300, 800, 900) comprises a nonlinear digital to analogue converter (210, 810) which has an input port (211) which is the input port for the second input signal and an output port (212) which is connected to the input port of the mixing stage, and the digital to analogue converter has a nonlinear transfer function.

Abstract: A negative group delay circuit comprising a negative group delay component, also comprising a circulator with three ports, further comprising a first resonator, with the negative group delay component arranged between an input port of the negative group delay circuit and a first port in the circulator. The first resonator is arranged between a second port of the circulator and a first reflection amplifier, so that signals reflected from the first reflection amplifier to the second port of the circulator through the first resonator are emitted at the third port of the circulator. The third port is arranged to be used as an output port of the negative group delay circuit.

Abstract: A quadrature hybrid comprising first and second coupled open waveguides. Each open waveguide comprises first and second ports. One port in the first open waveguide is used as input port for an input signal which is used to generate I and Q output signals. The other port in the first open waveguide is used to output the Q signal, and one of the ports in the second waveguide is used to output the I signal. The other of the ports in the second open waveguide is an isolated port. The quadrature hybrid comprises a first differential amplifier with positive and negative ports, the positive port being connected to the first open waveguide and the negative port being connected to the second open waveguide.

Abstract: A sub-harmonic mixer comprising first and second input ports, and an output port, and arranged to output products of signals applied at the input ports. The sub-harmonic mixer comprises a first stage a second stage arranged in series with each other, with the input ports of the sub-harmonic mixer being input ports of the first stage, and the output port of the sub-harmonic mixer being an output port of the second stage. An output port of the first stage is connected to an input port of the second stage. The first stage is arranged to generate a fundamental product and a first third order intermodulation distortion product in-phase with each other. The second stage is arranged to generate a second third order intermodulation distortion product in anti-phase to the fundamental product generated by the second stage.

Abstract: A six-port circuit (100) with two input ports and four output ports, comprising a balun (110) for converting signals at one input port into first (112) and second (113) balanced signals, and a filter (105), with first and second input ports and four output ports as the four output ports of the circuit. The six-port circuit also comprises a splitter (120) for splitting second input signals at the other input port into first (121) and second (122) parts. The input ports (V?in1, V?in2) of the filter (105) are connected so that one of the balanced signals (112) and one of the parts (121) of the second input signals are connected to one of the filter's input ports (V?in1), and the other of the balanced signals (113) and the other (122) of the parts of the second input signals are connected to the other of the filter's input ports (V?in2).

Abstract: A phase detector (100, 400, 800) comprising a balun (150) and input ports (116) at each of the balun's balanced ports. The phase detector (100, 400, 800) has four devices (105, 115, 110, 155) for measuring a signal's amplitude: —a first device (105) at a first input port (116), —a second device (115) at a second input port (117), —a third device (110) between the input ports (116, 117), connected to the ports via a passive component (120, 125; 120?, 125; 120?, 125?), —a fourth device (155) at the unbalanced port of the balun (150), The difference between the amplitude values of the third (110) and fourth (155) devices indicate the phase difference and the difference between the amplitude values measured by the first (110) and second (115) devices indicates the phase difference in the region of 0-2?.

Abstract: A five-six-port circuit comprising a waveguide on a main surface of a substrate. The hollow waveguide comprises probes arranged longitudinally inside the hollow waveguide arranged to contact the input port of one of three power detectors, whose output ports are arranged to contact the input port of one power detector. The output ports of the power detectors contact the conductor of an open waveguide which extends in parallel to the hollow waveguide. The probes are equidistantly spaced with a distance of L. The circuit also comprises three LP filters, each of which is connected to the conductor of the open waveguide at a position which corresponds to the position of one of the power detectors.

Abstract: A sub-harmonic mixer comprising a mixer circuit with input ports for RF and LO signals, and an output port for the product of the signals at the input ports, and an LO switching stage with input ports for an LO signal and the LO signal phase shifted 180 degrees. The LO switching stage comprises a third input port to which the output port of the mixer circuit is connected and a first output port for the product of the signal at its third and first input ports, and a second output port for the product of the signal at the third and second input ports with the same amplitude as the first output signal 180 degrees phase shifted. In the sub-harmonic mixer the mixer circuit comprises a transconductance mixer.

Abstract: An arrangement (100, 400, 500, 600) comprising a first plate (110, 410, 510, 610) and a second plate (120, 420, 520, 620) at a first distance (di) from each other with an overlap between them. The arrangement also comprises a third (130, 430, 530, 630) and a fourth (140, 440, 540, 640) plate between the first and second plates in said overlap so that the third and fourth plates do not overlap each other. All plates are made of an electrically conducting material, are essentially flat and plane and are separated from each other by a dielectric material. The first plate comprises an input/output port (111, 411, 511, 611), the second plate comprises a ground port (112), and the third and fourth plates comprise an output/input port (131, 141, 431, 441, 531, 541, 551). The arrangement will serve as a power divider, a power combiner or as a balun.

Abstract: A frequency tunable signal source (100) with first (105) and a second (115, 315) oscillators, each of which outputs a signal at a fundamental frequency (f1, f2) and at least one signal at a harmonic frequency (f1?, f2?) and a mixer (120) with first (121) and second (122) input ports and an output port (124), and a control unit (110) which controls switches (S1, S2, S3, S4), by means of which two of said signals (f1, f2, f1?, f2?) are switchably connected to the first input port. The other two signals are switchably to the other input port, with one switch (S1, S2, S3, S4) for each signal (f1, f2, f1?, f2?). There is also comprised a third oscillator (125), with an output signal connected to a third input port (123) of the mixer (120). At least one of the oscillators (105, 115, 315, 125) is a VCO, a Voltage Controlled Oscillator.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a self injection locked voltage controlled oscillator arrangement, a pair of coupled first and second voltage controlled oscillator devices are arranged on a chip, an amplifier device is arranged on the same of the refection type chip, and an off-chip delay line is arranged with one terminal connected to an output terminal of the coupled first and second voltage controlled oscillator devices, and on terminal adapted to reflect a signal from the output terminal, the amplifier device being arranged to amplify an injection signal from said output terminal and to supply the amplified injection signal to one of said first and second voltage controlled oscillation devices to provide a VCO arrangement that exhibits low phase noise and a small size.

Abstract: A mixer circuit (200, 300, 800, 900) for mixing a first input signal at a first frequency with a second input signal at a second frequency to an output signal at a third frequency. The mixer circuit (200, 300, 800, 900) comprises a mixing stage (205, 805) with differential input ports (206, 207; 820, 821) for the first input signal and an input port (211, 911) for the second input signal and differential output ports for the output signal, which also serve as output ports for the mixer circuit. The mixer circuit (200, 300, 800, 900) comprises a nonlinear digital to analogue converter (210, 810) which has an input port (211) which is the input port for the second input signal and an output port (212) which is connected to the input port of the mixing stage, and the digital to analogue converter has a nonlinear transfer function.

Abstract: A dual mode filter (200, 500, 900) comprising an input (Pin) and an output port (Pout) and a non-conducting substrate (205, 505), and first (215, 510, 902) and second (210, 540, 901) conductors which connect the input port to the output port. The conductors are arranged on or in the substrate, and the first conductor is longer than the second conductor by 50%. Either the first or the second conductor comprises a perturbation element (208, 530, 915) at a central position. The first conductor is arranged between the input port and the output port with a number of sections (216-222; 511-519; 931-933, 936-938), at least some of which are parallel to each other, and arranged so that the current in a section which has one or more other sections in parallel to it always flows in the same direction as the current in the most adjacent of said other sections.

Abstract: A five-six-port circuit comprising a waveguide on a main surface of a substrate. The hollow waveguide comprises probes arranged longitudinally inside the hollow waveguide arranged to contact the input port of one of three power detectors, whose output ports are arranged to contact the input port of one power detector. The output ports of the power detectors contact the conductor of an open waveguide which extends in parallel to the hollow waveguide. The probes are equidistantly spaced with a distance of L. The circuit also comprises three LP filters, each of which is connected to the conductor of the open waveguide at a position which corresponds to the position of one of the power detectors.

Abstract: A six-port circuit (100) with two input ports and four output ports, comprising a balun (110) for converting signals at one input port into first (112) and second (113) balanced signals, and a filter (105), with first and second input ports and four output ports as the four output ports of the circuit. The six-port circuit also comprises a splitter (120) for splitting second input signals at the other input port into first (121) and second (122) parts. The input ports (V?in1, V?in2) of the filter (105) are connected so that one of the balanced signals (112) and one of the parts (121) of the second input signals are connected to one of the filter's input ports (V?in1), and the other of the balanced signals (113) and the other (122) of the parts of the second input signals are connected to the other of the filter's input ports (V?in2).

Abstract: The invention discloses a mixer circuit (10, 20, 30, 410, 60) comprising a first mixer component (11, 21) with a first (13, 23) and a second (12, 22) input port for a first and a second input signal respectively and an output port (14, 24) for outputting a mixed signal. According to the invention, the mixer circuit (10, 20, 30, 410, 60) also comprises a transformer (15) which connects the first (13, 23) and second (12, 22) input ports of the mixer component (11, 21) inductively via an inverting coupling. In one embodiment, the mixer circuit (30, 410, 60) also comprises inputs for DC-bias of one (13) of the input ports and of the output port (14), as well as an impedance (31) as a filter at the output port.

Abstract: A frequency tunable signal source (100) with first (105) and a second (115, 315) oscillators, each of which outputs a signal at a fundamental frequency (f1, f2) and at least one signal at a harmonic frequency (f1?, f2?) and a mixer (120) with first (121) and second (122) input ports and an output port (124), and a control unit (110) which controls switches (S1, S2, S3, S4), by means of which two of said signals (f1, f2, f1?, f2?) are switchably connected to the first input port. The other two signals are switchably to the other input port, with one switch (S1, S2, S3, S4) for each signal (f1, f2, f1?, f2?). There is also comprised a third oscillator (125), with an output signal connected to a third input port (123) of the mixer (120). At least one of the oscillators (105, 115, 315, 125) is a VCO, a Voltage Controlled Oscillator.