Abstract: This disclosure discloses signal configuration methods and apparatuses. In an implementation, a method comprises: generating at least two reference signals of a same type corresponding to at least two antenna ports indicated to a terminal device, wherein the at least two reference signals comprise a first reference signal and a second reference signal, wherein a first sequence of the first reference signal is obtained based on a first initialization factor determined based on an index of a first code division multiplexing (CDM) group, and wherein a second sequence of the second reference signal different from the first sequence is obtained based on a second initialization factor determined based on an index of a second CDM group; and transmitting the at least two reference signals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of bonding two copper structures involving compressing a first copper structure with a second copper structure under a stress from 0.1 MPa to 50 MPa and under a temperature of 250° C. or less so that a bonding surface of the first copper structure is bonded to the bonding surface of the second copper structure. At least one of the bonding surface of the first copper structure and the bonding surface of the second copper structure have a layer of nanograins of copper having an average grain size of 5 nm to 500 nm. The layer of the nanograins of copper having a thickness of 10 nm to 10 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of bonding two copper structures involving compressing a first copper structure with a second copper structure under a stress from 0.1 MPa to 50 MPa and under a temperature of 250° C. or less so that a bonding surface of the first copper structure is bonded to a bonding surface of the second copper structure; at least one of the bonding surface of the first copper structure and the bonding surface of the second copper structure have a layer of nanograins of copper having an average grain size of 5 nm to 500 nm, the layer of the nanograins of copper having a thickness of 10 nm to 10 ?m.

Abstract: An ultra-strong, ductile and cheap medium manganese steel comprises in percentage by mass: 8-12 wt. % Mn, 0.2-0.4 wt. % C, 1-3 wt. % Al, 0.05-0.39 wt. % V, and the balance of Fe. The manufacturing method of the ultra-strong and ductile medium manganese steel includes the steps of: (a) hot rolling an ingot at 900-1200° C. into a steel sheet (or plate, or bar); (b) air cooling or water quenching the steel sheet to room temperature or warm rolling temperature, (c) warm rolling the steel sheet at 350-750° C. with 30-60% thickness reduction; (d) air cooling or water quenched the steel sheet to room temperature; (e) annealing the steel sheet at 600-650° C. for 0-300 minutes and (f) air cooling or water quenched the sheet to room temperature.

Abstract: A bilayer passive film structure of a substrate, comprising an inner layer comprising an oxide of a first element, and an outer layer comprising an oxide of a second element, wherein the passivation potential of the first element is lower than the passivation potential of the second element, and the passivation potential of the second element is lower than the transpassivation potential of the first element. Also a method of forming the above bilayer passive film structure of a substrate, comprising: treating a surface of the substrate containing Cr and Mn. Further a stainless steel comprises, in percentage by weight, 15%<Cr<22%, 13%<Mn<23%, 12%<Ni<23%, and 0.5%<Si<4%, wherein Si can be replaced with an equal amount of Al, Ti or V.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-magnetic stainless steel with high strength and corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof. The non-magnetic stainless steel composed of the following components according to percentage by weight: 17%<Cr<23%, 17%<Mn<23%, 17%<Co<23%, 0.5%<Si <3%, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities thereof. The preparation method includes: (1) melting a raw material and casting it to a mold to obtain a stainless steel block; (2) homogenizing the stainless steel block at 1,100-1,250° C. for 6-12 hours; (3) forging the homogenized stainless steel block at 1,050-1,150° C. with a final forging temperature of 850-950° C. to obtain a plate having a thickness of 5-15 mm; and (4) holding the forged plate at 1,000-1,250° C. for 10-30 minutes and then put it in water for quenching. The non-magnetic stainless steel of the present invention has superior pitting corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of 800 MPa grade steel bar and the 800 MPa grade steel bar produced therefrom. The 800 MPa grade steel bar produced by the manufacturing method comprises, in weight percentages, the following composition: carbon, 0.10%-0.30%; manganese, 7.00%-11.00%; aluminum, 1.00%-3.00%; silicon, 0-1.00%; vanadium, 0.05%-0.30%; niobium; 0-0.10%; and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the manufacturing method comprises the steps of smelting to obtain molten steel containing components of the steel bar; forming the molten steel into a billet by casting; heating the billet to a temperature T1 of 1050° C.?T1?1200° C. and thermally insulating for 1.5-2.5 hours; performing hot rolling on the thermally insulated billet, the finishing rolling temperature T2 being 500° C.?T2?800° C.; and naturally cooling the hot-rolled billet to ambient temperature. The hot-rolled steel bar of the present invention has a dual-phase microstructure of martensite and austenite.

Abstract: The invention describes a two-phase steel comprising 8-12 wt. % Mn, 0.3-0.6 wt. % C, 1-4 wt. % Al, 0.4-1 wt. % V, and a balance of Fe. The steel has martensite and retained austenite phases, and may include vanadium carbide precipitations. A method for making the two-phase steel involves the steps of (a) hot rolling the ingots of the composition to produce a plurality of thick steel sheets, (b) treating the steel sheets by an air cooling process, (c) warm rolling the steel sheets at a temperature in the range of 300-800° C. with a thicknesses reduction of 30-50%, (d) annealing the steel sheets a first time at a temperature in the range of 620-660° C. for 10-300 min, (e) cold rolling the steel sheets at room temperature with a thickness reduction of 10-30% to generate hard martensite, and (f) annealing the steel sheets a second time at a temperature in the range of 300-700° C. for 3-60 min to facilitate the partitioning of carbon and release the residual stress n martensite.

Abstract: A strong and ductile automotive steel comprising 8-11 wt. % Mn, 0.1-0.35 wt. % C, 1-3 wt. % Al, 0.05-0.5 wt. % V, and a balance of Fe. By tuning the amount of austenite stabilizers, a dual phase microstructure of martensite and austenite with proper phase fraction can be achieved at room temperature. The martensite partitions C into the retained austenite grains. The martensite matrix can ensure the higher strength of automotive steel while the retained austenite grains with varied mechanical stability can improve the ductility of automotive steel, achieving the strength of 1500 MPa and the ductility of 20% simultaneously. The method for fabricating this automotive steel circumvents the high quenching temperature of conventional Q&P steels and therefore reduces the production price and is easy for mass production.

Abstract: The invention describes a dual-phase steel comprising 8-12 wt. % Mn, 0.3-0.6 wt. % C, 1-4 wt. % Al, 0.4-1 wt. % V, and a balance of Fe. The steel has martensite and retained austenite phases, and may include vanadium carbide precipitations. A method for making the dual-phase steel involves the steps of (a) hot rolling the ingots of the composition to produce a plurality of thick steel sheets, (b) treating the steel sheets by an air cooling process, (c) warm rolling the steel sheets at a temperature in the range of 300-800° C. with a thicknesses reduction of 30-50%, (d) annealing the steel sheets a first time at a temperature in the range of 620-660° C. for 10-300 min, (e) cold rolling the steel sheets at room temperature with a thickness reduction of 10-30% to generate hard martensite, and (f) annealing the steel sheets a second time at a temperature in the range of 300-700° C. for 3-60 min to form the dual-phase steel.

Abstract: A high strength dual-phase TRIP steel includes 8-12 wt. % Mn, 0.4-0.6 wt. % C, 1-3 wt. % Al, 0.5-1 wt. % V, and a balance of Fe. A method for making the high strength dual-phase TRIP steel is also provided.