Abstract: A battery pack includes battery cells arranged in an array to form a battery module layer. Multiple layers are vertically stacked with thermal management devices, such as active heat exchangers in the form of battery cold plates, above and below each layer to form a multi-layer battery stack that may be held in compression by a battery pack frame. The multi-layer battery stack and battery pack frame are surrounded by a battery enclosure, which has flat sealing surfaces to ensure robust sealing. The battery pack is associated with a thermal management system for cooling and heating the battery cells of the battery pack. The battery thermal management system provides cooling and heating by alternating cooling flow directions to achieve uniform temperature distribution. The battery pack may also include a vent detection sensor and vent isolators to detect and mitigate effects of a battery thermal runaway event.

Abstract: A battery pack includes battery cells arranged in an array to form a battery module layer. Multiple layers are vertically stacked with thermal management devices, such as active heat exchangers in the form of battery cold plates, above and below each layer to form a multi-layer battery stack that may be held in compression by a battery pack frame. The multi-layer battery stack and battery pack frame are surrounded by a battery enclosure, which has flat sealing surfaces to ensure robust sealing. The battery pack is associated with a thermal management system for cooling and heating the battery cells of the battery pack. The battery thermal management system provides cooling and heating by alternating cooling flow directions to achieve uniform temperature distribution.

Abstract: A battery pack includes battery cells arranged in an array to form a battery module layer. Multiple layers are vertically stacked with thermal management devices, such as active heat exchangers in the form of battery cold plates, above and below each layer to form a multi-layer battery stack that may be held in compression by a battery pack frame. The multi-layer battery stack and battery pack frame are surrounded by a battery enclosure, which has flat sealing surfaces to ensure robust sealing. The battery pack is associated with a thermal management system for cooling and heating the battery cells of the battery pack. The battery thermal management system provides cooling and heating by alternating cooling flow directions to achieve uniform temperature distribution. The battery pack may also include a vent detection sensor and vent isolators to detect and mitigate effects of a battery thermal runaway event.

Abstract: A battery pack includes battery cells arranged in an array to form a battery module layer. Multiple layers are vertically stacked with thermal management devices, such as active heat exchangers in the form of battery cold plates, above and below each layer to form a multi-layer battery stack that may be held in compression by a battery pack frame. The multi-layer battery stack and battery pack frame are surrounded by a battery enclosure, which has flat sealing surfaces to ensure robust sealing. The battery pack is associated with a thermal management system for cooling and heating the battery cells of the battery pack. The battery thermal management system provides cooling and heating by alternating cooling flow directions to achieve uniform temperature distribution. The battery pack may also include a vent detection sensor and vent isolators to detect and mitigate effects of a battery thermal runaway event.

Abstract: A battery pack includes battery cells arranged in an array to form a battery module layer. Multiple layers are vertically stacked with thermal management devices, such as active heat exchangers in the form of battery cold plates, above and below each layer to form a multi-layer battery stack that may be held in compression by a battery pack frame. The multi-layer battery stack and battery pack frame are surrounded by a battery enclosure, which has flat sealing surfaces to ensure robust sealing. The battery pack is associated with a thermal management system for cooling and heating the battery cells of the battery pack. The battery thermal management system provides cooling and heating by alternating cooling flow directions to achieve uniform temperature distribution.

Abstract: A battery pack includes battery cells arranged in an array to form a battery module layer. Multiple layers are vertically stacked with thermal management devices, such as active heat exchangers in the form of battery cold plates, above and below each layer to form a multi-layer battery stack that may be held in compression. The battery cold plates include liquid heat exchange medium passageways, the characteristics of which influence the heating and cooling capabilities of the cold plates. The battery cold plates, including at least arrangement and features of the passageways across the battery cold plate, are optimized to achieve desirable pressure drop and temperature distribution across the cold plates, among other benefits.

Abstract: An air vent for a vehicle includes a housing extending between an inlet and outlet end. The housing includes a first wall and a second wall that cooperate to define an interior volume therebetween. The inlet end defines an inlet opening and air enters the interior volume through the inlet opening. The outlet end has a length and a width that cooperate to define an outlet opening having a low aspect ratio. Air exits the interior volume through the outlet opening. The first wall includes a directional wall section that extends non-linearly from a transition location to the outlet end. Air travelling through the interior volume is directed by the directional wall section to create a flow direction of air exiting the outlet opening. Vanes may be disposed in the interior volume to allow directability of air exiting the outlet opening, while providing a low pressure drop therethrough.

Abstract: A vehicle having an HVAC system with a particular ventilation housing design and method for making the same are described. The ventilation housing has a common mode door for defrost and floor panels and allows efficient use of components to provide effective operation in bi-level and other modes. In bi-level mode, the mode doors can be operated to form flow path such that floor outlet is virtually on the upstream side of the panel outlet.

Abstract: An air vent for a vehicle includes a housing extending between an inlet and outlet end. The housing includes a first wall and a second wall that cooperate to define an interior volume therebetween. The inlet end defines an inlet opening and air enters the interior volume through the inlet opening. The outlet end has a length and a width that cooperate to define an outlet opening having a low aspect ratio. Air exits the interior volume through the outlet opening. The first wall includes a directional wall section that extends non-linearly from a transition location to the outlet end. Air travelling through the interior volume is directed by the directional wall section to create a flow direction of air exiting the outlet opening. Vanes may be disposed in the interior volume to allow directability of air exiting the outlet opening, while providing a low pressure drop therethrough.

Abstract: A vehicle having an HVAC system with a particular ventilation housing design and method for making the same are described. The ventilation housing has a common mode door for defrost and floor panels and allows efficient use of components to provide effective operation in bi-level and other modes. In bi-level mode, the mode doors can be operated to form flow path such that floor outlet is virtually on the upstream side of the panel outlet.