Abstract: A method, belonging to the field of road disease prevention technologies, for constructing a simulation model for roadbed diseases, a test method, and a system, where a simulation model for roadbed diseases is first constructed, and based on the model, an experimental method is performed to simulate diseases such as roadbed settlement, cracks, loosening, and pipeline breakage. Data of multi-sensing devices is associated with different diseases in different control groups, data statuses of various roadbed diseases in complex scenarios are acquired, and data patterns are summarized through control tests, to obtain sensor thresholds when the diseases occur in actual roadbed conditions, thereby providing a basis for road disease prevention.