Abstract: According to an embodiment of the inventive concept, a method for matching an actual surgical image and a 3D-based virtual surgical simulation environment, which is performed by an apparatus, includes setting POI information during surgery at each of surgery steps in a pre-stored surgical image obtained by performing surgery the same as the actual surgical image, matching the POI information with a virtual pneumoperitoneum model of a patient, which is used for the 3D-based virtual surgical simulation environment, the virtual pneumoperitoneum model being displayed on a UI, recognizing a real-time surgery step of the actual surgical image and determining a location of the POI information for the respective recognized surgery step, and obtaining and displaying image information, which is captured by moving a location of an endoscope inserted into the virtual pneumoperitoneum model to the same location as the determined location of the POI information, through the UI.

Abstract: Disclosed is a ruthenium etchant composition containing periodic acid and ammonium ions and having a pH of 6 to 7.5. Further disclosed are a pattern formation method including a step of etching a ruthenium metal film using the etchant composition, a method of manufacturing a display device array substrate by employing the pattern formation method, and a display device array substrate manufactured by the method.

Abstract: Compositions for manufacturing a thin film are provided. The compositions may include a compound having a structure of Chemical Formula 1: M may be strontium (Sr) or barium (Ba), X1 and X2 may each independently be oxygen (O) or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R1 and R2 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted perfluoro alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R3 may be hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, L may be a substituted or unsubstituted polyether having 1 to 6 oxygen atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyamine having 1 to 6 nitrogen atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyetheramine having 1 to 6 oxygen atoms or nitrogen atoms, and n may be an integer of 1 to 6.

Abstract: Provided are a release resistant moisture absorbent being environment-friendly and having excellent moisture absorbency and release resistance, and a moisture absorbent product comprising the same. The release resistant moisture absorbent of the present invention has an excellent moisture absorption rate, and also excellent release resistance in a high temperature and low humidity condition which is a driving environment of an automobile lamp, and thus, may be usefully used for an automobile lamp.

Abstract: Provided are a release resistant moisture absorbent being environment-friendly and having excellent moisture absorbency and release resistance, and a moisture absorbent product comprising the same. The release resistant moisture absorbent of the present invention has an excellent moisture absorption rate, and also excellent release resistance in a high temperature and low humidity condition which is a driving environment of an automobile lamp, and thus, may be usefully used for an automobile lamp.