Abstract: A method for efficiently removing saturated fatty acids from a fatty acid mixture is provided by adding an emulsifying agent to a feedstock fatty acid mixture, mixing and then cooling the mixture, and removing the crystallized portion by dry fractionation, and the use of the obtained reduced saturated fatty acid level mixture to produce fatty acid esters resistant to crystallization at low temperatures.

Abstract: A hollow camshaft for automotive engines, which is made of cast iron, and which has at least one as-cast oil-feeding hole on the chilled faces of cam members is disclosed. When a camshaft is cast, thin carbon rod cores are used as cores which are enveloped in casting. After removing the carbon rods by burning them, small as cast oil-feeding holes are left in cam members.

Abstract: Oleaginous material is fractionated into two fractions having different melting points from each other by emulsifying all the oleaginous material with water and using with a surfactant having an HLB value of 5 to 10 as an emulsifier, at a temperature at which all the oleaginous material is substantially melted. The emulsion is cooled to a temperature at which one fraction of the oleaginous material crystallizes so that the emulsion forms a lighter phase containing the other fraction of the oleaginous material and a heavier phase comprising an aqueous phase containing crystals of said first fraction dispersed therein. The lighter phase is separated from the heavier phase and then the crystals of the first fraction are separated from the remainder of the heavier phase.