Abstract: A developing apparatus includes an electrostatic latent image bearer, a developing sleeve, a case, and an air filter. The case accommodates a two-component developer and the developing sleeve. The air filter is attached to the case. The air filter has a thickness of 2 to 20 mm and has a density gradient with a pressure loss of 2 to 40 Pa at a wind speed of 10 cm/s. The air filter forms an airflow sucked into the case from a gap between the developing sleeve and the case and forms an airflow discharged from the case through the air filter. The two-component developer accommodated in the case contains a magnetic particle a surface of which is coated with a resin layer. The resin layer contains at least one type of chargeable particle.

Abstract: There are provided a copper powder for conductive paste, which comprises monodisperse and spherical fine copper particles having a sharp particle size distribution and containing no coarse particles and which can form a thinner electrode film while avoiding a bad influence on electric characteristics thereof, and a method for stably producing such a copper powder for conductive paste. After copper is complexed by adding a complexing agent to an aqueous solution containing copper while blowing air into the solution, the blowing of air is stopped, and then, a reducing agent is added to the solution to deposit copper particles by reduction.

Abstract: There are provided a copper powder for conductive paste, which comprises monodisperse and spherical fine copper particles having a sharp particle size distribution and containing no coarse particles and which can form a thinner electrode film while avoiding a bad influence on electric characteristics thereof, and a method for stably producing such a copper powder for conductive paste. After copper is complexed by adding a complexing agent to an aqueous solution containing copper while blowing air into the solution, the blowing of air is stopped, and then, a reducing agent is added to the solution to deposit copper particles by reduction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biaxially oriented polyester film having a linearly tearable property at least in a longitudinal direction, and excellent in the producability at mass production scale, which can be produced from the mixture of polybutylene terephthalate containing 5 to 20% by weight of a polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) unit having a molecular weight of 600 to 4,000 (modified PBT) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in a weight ratio (PET/modified PBT) of 70/30 to 95/5.

Abstract: A biaxial oriented polyester film which is obtained by using as a main raw material a mixture comprising a thermoplastic polyester resin (i) wherein an acid component is mainly composed of a terephthalic or naphthalenedicarboxylic acid component and a thermoplastic polyester resin (ii) having substantially a phase-separated form to the resin (i), and orienting an unoriented sheet of the mixture wherein an illuminance anisotropic ratio (IAR) of transmitted scattering light satisfies the following condition of 0.1.ltoreq.IAR.ltoreq.1.0.

Abstract: A polyamide film having been drawn at a draw ratio of 2 or more in at least one direction, which comprises a polyamide resin composition comprising from 90 to 99.99% by weight of a polyamide and from 10 to 0.01% by weight of a fluoromica-based mineral with swelling characteristics. The film is excellent in piercing pinhole strength and mechanical strength and heat dimensional stability after a retort treatment.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyamide film which has not only excellent bending pinhole resistance and excellent dimensional stability but also excellent tear linearity in the longitudinal direction of the film. More specifically, the invention provides a biaxially oriented polyamide film having a tear linearity in the longitudinal direction of the film, which includes as a main material nylon 6 and an aliphatic polyamide resin mixed in a weight ratio of from 75:25 to 99:1, wherein the difference in surface tension (dyne/cm) between the nylon 6 and the polyamide other than nylon 6 satisfies the following relationship (1)3.0.ltoreq..gamma..sub.A -.gamma..sub.B .ltoreq.15.0 (1)wherein .gamma..sub.A is a surface tension of N6 and .gamma..sub.B is a surface tension of PA.

Abstract: A surface-roughened film and methods for fabricating same. The film has good transparency/exceptional clarity and high lubricity so that it is useful for a photoengraving material, label, packaging film, magnetic recording film, or clear film. The film has a composition including thermoplastic polyester resin (a) and a thermoplastic resin (b), such as an amorphous nylon, having glass transition temperature preferably 10.degree. C. higher than that of the thermoplastic polyester resin (a) and a critical surface tension more than 0.1 dyne/cm different from that of the thermoplastic polyester resin (a). Resin (b) further has a melt viscosity, at a temperature of 280.degree. C. and shear rate of 10.sup.2 sec.sup.-1, in the range of 500 to 50,000 poise. One or more particulate inert inorganic compound may be added and the film may be laminated to layers of other polymers with the film of the foregoing composition on at least one surface thereof.

Abstract: A light-weight polyester film which comprises (A) from 50 to 95% by weight of a crystalline polyester resin and (B) from 5 to 50% by weight of a maleimide copolymer, said maleimide copolymer being dispersed in the film in the form of particles having diameters of from 0.1 to 20 .mu.m and fine voids being present in the film, and which has an apparent specific gravity of from 0.3 to 1.1, wherein said maleimide copolymer comprises from 30 to 50 mol % of a maleimide monomer group, from 30 to 70 mol % of an aromatic vinyl monomer group, from 0 to 40 mol % of an unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride monomer group and from 0 to 40 mol % of other copolymerizable monomer group, and said maleimide copolymer has a glass transition temperature higher by at least 10.degree. C. than the crystalline polyester resin.

Abstract: A polyester film made of a mixture comprising a thermoplastic polyester (A) as a matrix component and a thermoplastic polyamide (B) having a glass transition temperature higher than the thermoplastic polyester (A), as a dispersed component, or a laminated film having a surface layer made of said mixture, wherein the film surface has fine protuberances formed with said thermoplastic polyamide (B) as nuclei.

Abstract: A polyamide film prepared from a polyamide composition comprised of at least 60% by weight of polytetramethyleneadipamide or a copolymer polyamide containing at least 60% by weight of a polytetramethyleneadipamide component, said film being at least monoaxially stretched at a stretching ratio of at least 1.5, said film having a characteristic value .DELTA.T of from 30.degree. to 60.degree. C. as determined from the relationship:.DELTA.T=Tm-Tc,wherein Tm (melting point) is the peak melting temperature (.degree.C.) when the temperature is increased at a rate of 20.degree. C./min by means of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Tc (crystallization temperature) is the peak crystallization temperature (.degree.C.) when the temperature, 20.degree. C. above the melting point, is decreased at a rate of 80.degree. C./min by means of a DSC, and said film having a retention rate of its breaking strength after a hydrothermal treatment at 135.degree. C. for 30 minutes of at least 60%.

Abstract: A matte film made of a composition comprising (a) from 3 to 20 parts by weight of a polyarylate resin made of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid (the molar ratio of the terephthalic acid group to the isophthalic acid group being from 9:1 to 1:9) and a bivalent phenolic compound, (b) from 60 to 94 parts by weight of a linear polyester resin and (c) from 3 to 30 parts by weight of a styrene resin or an acrylic resin, and satisfying the following condition:A-10.ltoreq.S.ltoreq.A+15where A is the parts by weight of the polyarylate resin and S is the parts by weight of the styrene resin or acrylic resin, and said film being stretched at least 1.5 times in at least one direction.