Abstract: A data transmission device includes a unit that changes the number and combination of optical communication paths forming a virtual communication path. The data transmission device has functions of forming a virtual communication path by connecting only the number of optical communication paths satisfying a required bandwidth and of turning off operation circuits forming unconnected optical communication paths.

Abstract: A data transmission device includes a unit that changes the number and combination of optical communication paths forming a virtual communication path. The data transmission device has functions of forming a virtual communication path by connecting only the number of optical communication paths satisfying a required bandwidth and of turning off operation circuits forming unconnected optical communication paths.

Abstract: A packet forwarding apparatus (L2SW) having a frame segmentation function of converting a extended Ethernet frame such as a MAC-in-MAC frame into a plurality of fragment frames when a payload length of the received frame exceeds a standard MTU size communicable in an Ethernet network to be a forwarding destination, by segmenting the received frame into a plurality of data blocks having a size not longer than the MTU size, and a frame assembling function of restoring an original extended frame from a series of fragment frames received from the Ethernet network.

Abstract: In a network system where a switching exchange accommodating an ISDN provides TDMoIP packet communication over an IP network, measures for packet loss prevention need to be taken during a period during which a TDM service is packet-transferred over the IP network. When a transmitting-end switching exchange in the above network system multiplexes TDM data, the present invention varies the degree of multiplicity in accordance with the delay in the IP network and the type of data.

Abstract: Any or unique VLAN ID is dynamically assigned to a user terminal connected to a network, and communication by the assigned VLAN ID is enabled. A connection request from a user terminal is directed to L2GWs by a tagged VLAN frame having a common VLAN ID on the network. The L2GWs determine whether the connection request can be met, obtain a VLAN ID that can be assigned to the user terminal from a VLAN ID management server, configure themselves to communicate by the assigned VLAN ID, and report the VLAN ID to the user terminal. The user terminal performs subsequent communication by the reported VLAN ID. L2SWs monitor communication between the user terminal and the L2GWs and configure themselves to allow communication between the user terminal and the L2GWs by the VLAN ID assigned to the user terminal.

Abstract: Provided is a hair cosmetic composition, which contains: (A) an organic polycarboxylic acid having from 5 to 40 carbon atoms in total and from 4 to 10 carboxy groups, or a salt thereof, and (B) an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of aromatic alcohols, N-alkylpyrrolidones, alkylene carbonates, polypropylene glycols, lactones and cyclic ketones, wherein the solvent has a ClogP of from ?2 to 3; which composition has a pH of from 2 to 5 at 25° C. when diluted to 20 times the weight with water; and a hair quality improving method including the step of treating the hair with the hair cosmetic composition.

Abstract: Provided is a hair cosmetic composition, which contains the following components (A) and (B): (A) a hydroxy-free tricarboxylic acid having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms in total, or salt thereof, and (B) at least one or more organic solvents selected from the group consisting of aromatic alcohols, N-alkylpyrrolidones, alkylene carbonates, polypropylene glycols, lactones and cyclic ketones, wherein the organic solvent has a ClogP of from ?2 to 3; and wherein the hair cosmetic composition has a pH of from 2 to 5 at 25° C. when diluted to 20 times the weight with water. Provided also is a hair quality improving method which comprises treating the hair with the hair cosmetic composition. The hair cosmetic composition of the present invention can for example give strength/body, manageability, and set retention property to the hair which is apt to be dry and moistureless owing to the damage by coloring, permanent waving, or repetition of excessive blow drying.

Abstract: When multicast distribution is performed on a network where a point-to-point connection is made between user terminals and a multicast router, the multicast router is protected from load due to response reports, join requests, or leave statements sent from the user terminals simultaneously. If the user terminals send response reports simultaneously, a Layer 2 switch disposed between the user terminals and the multicast router limits response reports sent to the multicast router. The Layer 2 switch prevents response reports sent from the same user terminal from being discarded consecutively, by sending a response report sent from the same user terminal to the multicast router 200 with priority in the next join confirmation event. If the user terminals send join requests or leave statements simultaneously, the Layer 2 switch limits the join requests or leave statements sent to the multicast router 200 in the same manner.

Abstract: A packet forwarding apparatus (L2SW) having a frame segmentation function of converting a extended Ethernet frame such as a MAC-in-MAC frame into a plurality of fragment frames when a payload length of the received frame exceeds a standard MTU size communicable in an Ethernet network to be a forwarding destination, by segmenting the received frame into a plurality of data blocks having a size not longer than the MTU size, and a frame assembling function of restoring an original extended frame from a series of fragment frames received from the Ethernet network.

Abstract: Provided is an aqueous hair cosmetic composition containing (A) a tertiary amine type cationic surfactant, (B) an aromatic alcohol, (C) a branched fatty acid or salt thereof, and water, wherein Component (B) and Component (C) at a (B)/(C) weight ratio falls within a range of from 100/1 to 1/10. The aqueous hair cosmetic composition of the present invention can repair or prevent the hair damage and fatigue breakdown and give good flexibility and a supple touch to the hair during from wetting to even after drying.

Abstract: When multicast distribution is performed on a network where a point-to-point connection is made between user terminals and a multicast router, the multicast router is protected from load due to response reports, join requests, or leave statements sent from the user terminals simultaneously. If the user terminals send response reports simultaneously, a Layer 2 switch disposed between the user terminals and the multicast router limits response reports sent to the multicast router. The Layer 2 switch prevents response reports sent from the same user terminal from being discarded consecutively, by sending a response report sent from the same user terminal to the multicast router 200 with priority in the next join confirmation event. If the user terminals send join requests or leave statements simultaneously, the Layer 2 switch limits the join requests or leave statements sent to the multicast router 200 in the same manner.

Abstract: Any or unique VLAN ID is dynamically assigned to a user terminal connected to a network, and communication by the assigned VLAN ID is enabled. A connection request from a user terminal is directed to L2GWs by a tagged VLAN frame having a common VLAN ID on the network. The L2GWs determine whether the connection request can be met, obtain a VLAN ID that can be assigned to the user terminal from a VLAN ID management server, configure themselves to communicate by the assigned VLAN ID, and report the VLAN ID to the user terminal. The user terminal performs subsequent communication by the reported VLAN ID. L2SWs monitor communication between the user terminal and the L2GWs and configure themselves to allow communication between the user terminal and the L2GWs by the VLAN ID assigned to the user terminal.

Abstract: Provided is a hair cosmetic composition, which contains the following components (A) and (B): (A) a hydroxy-free tricarboxylic acid having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms in total, or salt thereof, and (B) at least one or more organic solvents selected from the group consisting of aromatic alcohols, N-alkylpyrrolidones, alkylene carbonates, polypropylene glycols, lactones and cyclic ketones, wherein the organic solvent has a ClogP of from ?2 to 3; and wherein the hair cosmetic composition has a pH of from 2 to 5 at 25° C. when diluted to 20 times the weight with water. Provided also is a hair quality improving method which comprises treating the hair with the hair cosmetic composition. The hair cosmetic composition of the present invention can for example give strength/body, manageability, and set retention property to the hair which is apt to be dry and moistureless owing to the damage by coloring, permanent waving, or repetition of excessive blow drying.

Abstract: Provided is a hair cosmetic composition, which contains: (A) an organic polycarboxylic acid having from 5 to 40 carbon atoms in total and from 4 to 10 carboxy groups, or a salt thereof, and (B) an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of aromatic alcohols, N-alkylpyrrolidones, alkylene carbonates, polypropylene glycols, lactones and cyclic ketones, wherein the solvent has a ClogP of from ?2 to 3; which composition has a pH of from 2 to 5 at 25° C. when diluted to 20 times the weight with water; and a hair quality improving method including the step of treating the hair with the hair cosmetic composition. The hair cosmetic composition of the present invention can provide benefits such as strength/body, manageability, and set retention property to the hair which is apt to be dry and moistureless owing to damage by coloring, permanent waving, or repetition of excessive blow drying.

Abstract: A trapping apparatus uses a gripping mechanism 4 to grip a crystal 1 in a droplet 2 placed in the specified location on a base 3 and then uses a trapping mechanism 5 to trap the crystal 1 being gripped by the gripping mechanism 4 in order to separate the trapped crystal 1 from the droplet 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to wrinkling modifiers and anti-aging cosmetic compositions which each comprise a guanidine derivative represented by the following general formula (1): wherein is a heterocyclic group selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine or morpholine, and R1 and R2 are the same or different from each other and independently a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl or amidino group, or a salt thereof. The cosmetic compositions are excellent in the effects of suppressing wrinkling and of removing wrinkles and give users a pleasant feeling upon use.

Abstract: The invention relates to wrinkling modifiers and anti-aging cosmetic compositions which each comprise a guanidine derivative represented by the following general formula (1): 1

Abstract: The invention relates to wrinkling modifiers and anti-aging cosmetic compositions which each comprise a guanidine derivative represented by the following general formula (1): wherein is a heterocyclic group selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine or morpholine, and R1 and R2 are the same or different from each other and independently a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl or amidino group, or a salt thereof. The cosmetic compositions are excellent in the effects of suppressing wrinkling and of removing wrinkles and give users a pleasant feeling upon use.

Abstract: A guanidine derivative represented by formula (1), (2), (3) or its acid addition salt and a production process thereof wherein each of A and B is a C2-C8 alkylene, D is a single bond, —CO— or a C1-C6 alkylene, E is H, a lower alkyl or the like, m is 1 to 6, n is 0 to 6 and R1 is H, a lower alkyl or the like, 1 is 1 to 10 and G is H, —OH or the like and a skin cosmetic containing the same. It can exert excellent keratin layer softening effect continuously for a long period of time.

Abstract: A wrinkle-care product, an aging-preventive cosmetic and a skin cosmetic each comprising a guanidine derivative of formula (I) or an acid addition salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or --(AO).sub.m --(BO).sub.n --D--E ?wherein A and B may be the same or different and each represents an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms; D represents a binding hand, --CO--, or an unsubstituted or substituted alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; E represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, an aralkyl group or an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group; m is a number of from 1 to 6; and n is a number of from 0 to 6!; k is a number of from 1 to 10; and G represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonate group or a phosphate group. These products are excellent in the effects of inhibiting wrinkling and smoothing wrinkles without damaging the physiological conditions of the skin.