Abstract: A control program designates two-dimensional coordinates in an image-displaying two-dimensional coordinate system and displays four mark images on a display screen. A touch panel obtains two-dimensional coordinates in a two-dimensional coordinate system inherent in the touch panel according to user operation corresponding to the four mark images. A touch-panel device driver obtains the coefficients in predetermined coordinate transformation expressions according to the two kinds of four coordinates, and performs coordinate transformation using the coordinate transformation expressions to convert two-dimensional coordinates in the touch-panel-inherent two-dimensional coordinate system that have been transmitted from the touch panel into two-dimensional coordinates in the image-displaying two-dimensional coordinate system and transfer the converted coordinates to an operating system.

Abstract: An input system including a resistance film touch panel and a pushed position detecting device for detecting two-dimensional coordinates of a pushed position of a touch panel based on surface resistance values of resistance films, the system comprising a pair of insulating base layers opposed to each other with a certain distance therebetween; a spacer provided between the insulating base layers for keeping the layers apart but for allowing the layers to approach each other when an external force is applied to one of the layers; a first resistance film extended in first and second directions and provided on an inner surface of one of the layers, the first and second directions crossing each other perpendicularly and the first resistance film having outer connecting electrodes on both ends thereof along the second direction; and a plurality of second resistance films provided on an inner surface of the other of the layers, the second resistance films each being a lengthy strip extended in a direction crossing

Abstract: An objective lens system for endoscopes comprising, in the order from the object side, a first lens unit having negative refractive power and a second lens unit having positive refractive power, said first lens unit comprising a surface which is concave on the image side and satisfies the following condition (1), and an aspherical surface which is arranged on the object side and satisfies the following condition (2) at 50% or more of the effective area thereof.

Abstract: An optical system for endoscopes is provided with an inhomogeneous lens configured, as a relay lens, so that refractive index reduces progressively in going from a center portion toward a periphery and at least one of an entrance end face and an exit end face satisfies the following condition:0.15 P<C<0.35 Pwhere P is the pitch of the inhomogeneous lens and C is distance from the entrance end face or the exit end face of the inhomogeneous lens to the imaging position closest to the end face in the lens. The optical system for endoscopes is low in manufacturing cost and allows a favorable image of an object to be observed in a clear field of view without being adversely affected by dirt and burr.

Abstract: A TV camera for endoscopes comprising an image guide fiber bundle, an imaging optical system and an image sensor, used for focusing an image formed on the end surface of the image guide fiber bundle onto the imaging surface of the image sensor by the imaging optical system, and so adapted as to adjust diameter of the circle of confusion on the optimum image plane of the imaging optical system or the position of an image formed by the imaging optical system.

Abstract: An electronic endoscope system has an elongated rigid inserting section and a relay optical system disposed therein. The relay optical system transfers an optical image. A imaging device is disposed at a focus position of the relay optical sysetm in a face-to-face relationship with the imaging surface thereof.

Abstract: In a method of detecting a contacting position using a touch panel, a pair of resistance layers formed on two substrates are opposed with a gap. At least one conduction member is provided on one edge of one of the resistance layers and another conduction member is provided on one edge of another resistance layer which extends in a direction perpendicular to the edge of said one of the resistance layer. A constant current source is connected to one conduction member so that when the resistance layers contact at a contacting position, a constant current flows from the conduction member of one of the resistance layers to the conduction member of said another resistance layer through the contacting point. Thus, the coordinate position of the contacting point can be detected by the voltage drops on the respective resistance layers.

Abstract: A visual field converting optical system comprising an inhomogeneous medium lens or a prism in which refractive index is linearly changed in a direction different from that of travel of light, in order to be able to perform a visual field conversion with a simple and compact configuration, without generating aberration.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus for inspecting an object including an insertion section insertable into the object and having a distal end and a proximal end, an image guide arranged within the insertion section and having entrance and exit ends arranged at the distal and proximal ends of insertion section, respectively, an objective lens system arranged at the distal end of insertion section for forming an optical image of the object onto the entrance end of image guide, an eyepiece lens system arranged at the proximal end of insertion section for projecting the optical image transmitted through the image guide onto an observating position, a first piezo-electric bimorph arranged at the distal end of insertion section for vibrating the entrance end of image guide in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the insertion section over a given distance, a second piezo-electric element arranged at the proximal end of insertion section for vibrating the exit end of image guide in the same direction and over the

Abstract: This rigid electronic endoscope is formed of an endoscope body and an elongate tubular guide tube. An insertable part to be inserted through the guide tube is provided in front of this endoscope body. A solid state imaging device as an imaging means is provided in the tip part of this insertable part and a supporting part of a cross-sectional area smaller than of this tip part is provided in the rear of this tip part. A space as a treating tool inserting path or as a liquid feeding and sucking tube path which can feed and drain an irrigating liquid is formed between this supporting part and the inner surface of the guide tube.

Abstract: An objective for an endoscope comprising, in the order from the object side, a first lens unit I having negative refractive power, a second lens unit II having positive refractive power, a third lens unit III having positive refractive power, an aperture stop S arranged between the front end of the second lens unit and rear end of the third lens unit and a fourth lens group IV comprising a lens component which has a concave surface on the object side, the four unit objective for an endoscope being arranged so that the overall length is short, outer diameter of the objective is small, angle of view is wide, intensity of light in the marginal portion is high, and distortion is corrected favourably.

Abstract: An objective for an endoscope comprising a GRIN lens whose surface on the object side is arranged as a planar surface or convex surface and whose surface on the image side is arranged as a convex surface, the objective for an endoscope having an extremely small outer diameter and a wide field angle.

Abstract: An objective lens system for an endoscope comprises a first lens component having a negative refracting power, a second lens component having a positive refracting power, a third lens component having a positive refracting power and a fourth lens component involving a meniscus lens having its concave surface facing the object side, with the lens system being such that the total length is short, the outside diameter is small, the angle of view is wide, and the illuminance in the peripheral portion of the image field is high.