Abstract: Transflective liquid crystal display device (100.200) comprising a set of polarisers and compensators sandwiching a liquid crystal layer (15) of parallel alignement type, designed for the purpose of improving the viewing angle characteristics of the device, in particular the dark state (voltage on-state) and the contrast. In the reflective part, the arrangement of optical elements consists of a polariser (11), a (biaxial or uniaxial) first retarder (12), a (biaxial of unaxial) second retarder (13), a negative uniaxial third retarder (14) and a liquid crystal cell (15) with well defined orientations of the respective optical axes to each other. In the transmissive part, the arrangement of retarders and polariser as arranged on the viewer side is repeated in reverse order on the backlight side of the liquid crystal device.

Abstract: This present invention provides a liquid crystal display (LCD) device in which the sub-pixel is provided with three different voltage levels, so that image quality is improved without the configuration of additional gate lines. The present invention overcomes the reduction of aperture ratio in conventional LCD devices due to the configuration of additional gate lines. By the present invention, the white washout problem relating to the off-axis viewing angle can be overcome while the aperture ratio is not reduced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of a simplified structure and a widened viewing angle are provided. The liquid crystal display device having a stacked structure with its component plates and layers laid one over another in the following top-down order, comprises a first polarizing plate of ? in optic-axial angle, a first ?/2 retardation plate of ? in the optic-axial angle, a first ?/4 retardation plate of ? in the optic-axial angle, a liquid crystal layer located as an interlayer between two of substrates and having its opposite major surfaces oriented in vertical directions, a second ?/4 retardation plate disposed in phase or in parallel with the first ?/4 retardation plate (i.e., the optic-axial angle of ?), a second ?/2 retardation plate of (2???) in the optic-axial angle, and a second polarizing plate of (?/2??+2?) in the optic-axial angle.

Abstract: The present invention achieves the multi-domain configuration by providing an insulation film region at least one location in each pixel on one substrate of a pair of substrates of an active matrix multi-domain vertically aligned liquid crystal display for differentiating electrical potential to be applied to a certain zone of the liquid crystal from that to the liquid crystal at the other area when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal, thereby causing different electrical potential gradients in at least two directions.

Abstract: In an active matrix LCD, different signal voltages are applied to adjacent pixels or sub-pixels. Averaged brightness of the adjacent pixels or sub-pixels displays a typical? curve while viewing right from the front, and on the other hand, displays a constant ? curve within a specified color level (signal voltage) range while viewing at a skew angle from the front. Accordingly, a true image can be seen from the front while the image becomes visibly unidentified at a skew angle from the front.

Abstract: In a transmissive mode, the light emitted from a backlight (11) in reflective region B passes through a circularly polarized light plate (13). The light passed through the circularly polarized light plate (13) becomes the right circularly polarized light by the absorption of a part of the left circularly polarized light by the absorption of a part of the left circularly polarized light, If the right circularly polarized light launches into a retardation film (12e) of a liquid crystal panel (12), a phase of the light delays with ?/4. The light delayed with ?/4 becomes the linearly polarized light and is reflected on a reflective film (12d). The light reflected on the reflective film (12d) delays its phase with ?/4 by the retardation film (12e). Therefore, the right circularly polarized light, passed through the retardation film (12e) again, returns to the right circularly polarized light.

Abstract: Transflective liquid crystal display device (100,200) comprising a set of polarisers and compensators sandwiching a liquid crystal layer (15) of parallel alignement type, designed for the purpose of improving the viewing angle characteristics of the device, in particular the dark state (voltage on-state) and the contrast. In the reflective part, the arrangement of optical elements consists of a polariser (11), a (biaxial or uniaxial) first retarder (12), a (biaxial of unaxial) second retarder (13), a negative uniaxial third retarder (14) and a liquid crystal cell (15) with well defined orientations of the respective optical axes to each other. In the transmissive part, the arrangement of retarders and polariser as arranged on the viewer side is repeated in reverse order on the backlight side of the liquid crystal device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a driving circuit of a liquid crystal display device for obtaining an image without tone reversal, having satisfactory color tone, and high light emitting efficiency; and a liquid crystal display device including the same. The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display element array for obtaining a desired tone display when a voltage corresponding to the tone is supplied through a selected data line, and the liquid crystal elements are arranged for each color of red, green, and blue in a matrix form; a tone voltage generating part for generating an analog voltage corresponding to all tones of three colors; and a distributing part for sending the voltage corresponding to the tone of data line to the data line according to tone data value from the correspondence relationship between the tone data value and a voltage corresponding to the tone generated at the tone voltage generating part.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device which can make full use of advantages of a parallel alignment type liquid crystal layer and obtain desired viewing angle characteristics. A liquid crystal display device 100 having a configuration wherein a linearly polarizing plate 11, a first retardation film 12, a second retardation film 13, a liquid crystal layer 14 and an optical reflective layer 15 are arranged in this order from a front side thereof. The linearly polarizing plate 11, and the first and second retardation films 12, 13 form means having a function of the right-hand or left-hand circular polarization. The first film 12 has a fixed retardation of substantially half of a wavelength of incident light. The liquid crystal layer 14 comprises a liquid crystal material of a parallel alignment type.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to satisfactorily present a bright state and a dark state with a low driving voltage without changing a liquid crystal material. A liquid crystal device 100 having a configuration wherein a polarizing plate 11, a liquid crystal layer 14 and an optical reflective layer 15 are arranged in this order from the front side of the device. The liquid crystal layer 14 is capable of providing one retardation when the liquid crystal layer is applied with a predetermined high voltage and providing the other retardation when the liquid crystal layer is applied with a predetermined low voltage, for light that is incident from the polarizing plate 11, passes through the liquid crystal layer, reflects on the optical reflective layer 15, passes again through the liquid crystal layer 14 and is guided to the polarizing plate 11, whereby a bright state and a dark state are presented based on a difference between these retardations.

Abstract: In the case that a voltage is not applied to a viewing angle controlling unit (11), a polarized plate (113) passes only the light vibrating in an arrow direction of the light entered into the viewing angle controlling unit (11). The light passed the polarized plate (113) passes through a liquid crystal layer (120) without twisting. The light passed the liquid crystal layer (120) also passes through a polarized plate (111). Therefore, the display becomes transparent (white) in any viewing angle (in all direction) in viewing angle non-controlling mode. In the case that a voltage is applied to a viewing angle controlling unit (11) by a first power source (13), a polarized plate (113) passes only the light vibrating in an arrow direction of the light entered into the viewing angle controlling unit (11). The light passed the polarized plate (113) passes through a liquid crystal layer (120) along liquid crystal molecules. The light passed the liquid crystal layer (120) also passes through a polarized plate (111).

Abstract: To propose a liquid crystal display device for suppressing a wavelength dependence and a viewing dependence in a dark state. A polarizer (21a) of a circularly polarizer (21) and a polarizer (22a) of a circularly polarizer (22) are arranged such that an absorption axis (90°) of the polarizer (21a) and an absorption axis (0°) of the polarizer (22a) are at substantially right angle to each other. A retardation plate (21b) of a circularly polarizer (21) and a retardation plate (22b) of a circularly polarizer (22) are arranged such that a slow axis (165°) of the retardation plate (21b) and a slow axis (75°) of the retardation plate (22b) are at substantially right angle to each other. A retardation plate (21c) of a circularly polarizer (21) and a retardation plate (22c) of a circularly polarizer (22) are arranged such that a slow axis (105°) of the retardation plate (21c) and a slow axis (15°) of the retardation plate (22c) are at substantially right angle to each other.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an optical collective substrate and a display device using it, which can make effective use of light while avoiding generation of chromatic aberration in transmitted light. An optical substrate (20) of an optically transmissive material having a structure in which incident light Li from one principal plane (21) side of the substrate is locally focused toward an array of apertures (201) formed on the other principla plane (22). The one principal plane (21) is provided with grooves 2v being filled with an optically transmissive substance 2m of a predetermined refractive index, the filled groove portions 2V allowing the incident light Li from the one principal plane (21) side to be collected onto the respective apertures (201).

Abstract: It is an object to provide a reflective LCD apparatus to obtain a wider view angle and a desired black view. A reflective LCD apparatus according to the invention comprises a phase difference film (retardation film), a liquid crystal layer and a reflector for reflecting incident light.

Abstract: A rotary cutter for a mower capable of limiting the reeling out of a cord, when the free end of the cord is worn out to only when the rotary cutter is rotated at low speed thereby preventing pebbles or the like from being scattered. The rotary cutter is disengaged without the component parts being separated thereby facilitating reassembly. The rotary cutter includes a cord for mowing grass on being rotated, a reel for containing the cord and reeling out the cord intermittently while being rotated, a cover covering a case containing the reel, and a plunger projected downward from the case and movable in an axial direction by being pressed for intermittently rotating the reel. A ratchet is held at a constant position by an urging element which is moved outward to open against the direction of the urging element by the centrifugal force produced by rotating the rotary cutter at a high speed and is engaged with the plunger to thereby prevent the plunger from moving in the axial direction.

Abstract: A rotary cutter for a mower is provided wherein the cord delivering operation, which is necessary when the free end of the cord is worn, is carried out only when the rotary cutter is rotated at a low speed or is stopped. The rotary cutter includes a cord for cutting grass upon rotation thereof, a reel which holds the cord and allows delivering of the cord while the reel is intermittently rotated, a cover for a case which houses the reel, and a press body which protrudes downwardly from the case and is movable in an axial direction upon pressing so as to intermittently rotate the reel. A return spring for biasing the press body in a direction to protrude the press body from the case between the reel and the press body is also provided. The press body and the case engage each other such that the press body is slidable in an axial direction while preventing relative rotation with each other.

Abstract: Liquid crystal is encapsulated between two transparent substrates 16, 17. Pixel electrodes 13 are formed on the inner surface of the transparent substrate 17 in the form of a matrix while a common electrode 12 is formed on the inner surface of the transparent substrate 16. Each pixel electrode 13 is divided into subpixel electrodes 13.sub.1, 13.sub.2. The subpixel electrode 13.sub.1 is connected to the drain of a thin film transistor 21 formed adjacent the subpixel electrode to apply driving voltage to the electrode. The subpixel electrode 13.sub.2 is supplied with capacitance-divided driving voltage through a capacitor comprising the electrode 13.sub.1, and a control capacitor 15 connected thereto with an insulation layer 14 interposed therebetween. Each of the subpixel electrodes 13.sub.1, 13.sub.2 are divided into two domains on which are formed alignment layers 41a, 41b, 42a, 42b, in opposition to alignment layers 43a, 43b, 44a, 44b formed on the common electrode 12.