Abstract: An optical ring system having: a wavelength demultiplexer to which wavelength-multiplexed optical signal to be sent through an optical fiber from a previous node of multiple nodes is input and in which optical signal with each wavelength assigned to itself is demultiplexed; an optical ring device which is disposed in a predetermined node of the multiple nodes to the each wavelength assigned and which is composed of a failure existence judging part which terminates an overhead of each optical signal with a wavelength demultiplexed by the wavelength demultiplexer and judges whether a failure occurs in regard to a wavelength in a previous section through which optical signal with the assigned wavelength is sent, and a switching part which, when the failure existence judging means determines the occurrence of failure, selects a path that allows optical signal with the wavelength to be transmitted to the previous node while avoiding the previous section incurring the failure; and a wavelength multiplexer which mul

Abstract: A facsimile transmission apparatus includes a demodulator, an identifier, a control signal generator, a variable delay controller, and a multiplex transmission unit. The modulator demodulates a facsimile signal to output a demodulated signal. The identifier identifies the facsimile signal as one of a predetermined low-speed signal and a predetermined high-speed signal to output an identification signal. The control signal generator generates facsimile control channel (FCC) messages for controlling a protocol between facsimile apparatuses on the basis of the identification signal from the identifier. The variable delay controller performs variable delay control for the FCC messages from the control signal generator such that the FCC messages can be transmitted in a generation order.

Abstract: Input signals are processed to generate a plurality of signals having different features according to whether the input signals are speech signals or voiceband data signals, and these plural signals are entered into a neural network to be determined whether they have features closer to those of speech signals or of voiceband data signals. The classifying function of the neural network is achieved by inputting samples of speech signals and voiceband data signals and learning how to obtain correct classification results.