Abstract: A strain or stress gauge 1A is presented for measuring the stress of a structure or a member. The gauge 1A comprises a bundle of electric conductive fibers 3, and a pair of terminals 4, for measuring an electric resistance of the bundle of electric conductive fibers provided on both ends thereof. It presents a strain or stress gauge having a simple structure, which can be produced inexpensively, and its size can be chosen freely. It is possible to know not only the state of a strain or stress but also the history of stress in a structure or a structural member which, by the characteristics of a specific curve relating the stress/strain relationship of the gauge.

Abstract: A composite material wherein a mixture of a phenolic or furan resin and an inorganic filler as matrix materials is incorporated in an inorganic fiber or heat-resistant organic fiber in the form of a long fiber bundle. The composite material has excellent characteristics such as heat resistance, strength and alkali resistance. The present invention can provide substitutes used in place of concrete reinforcing steel bars or steel frames which can be used in structures for building and civil engineering.

Abstract: The electric-wave absorbing material for construction includes a medium and a large number of electric-wave absorbing particles dispersed therein. The particles are in the form of capsules filled with water. The electric-wave absorbing material for construction may be made of a construction material having provided thereon an electric-wave absorbing layer which includes such electric-wave absorbing particles.

Abstract: A fiber grid reinforcement is of a flat shape and has first and second directions perpendicular to each other. The fiber grid reinforcement includes a plurality of first fiber bundles, a plurality of second fiber bundles, and a resin material. The first fiber bundles are generally disposed along the first direction and generally parallel to one another. Each of the first fiber bundles includes at least one first group of fibers. The second fiber bundles are generally disposed along the second direction and generally parallel to one another. Each of the second fiber bundles inbcludes at least one second group of fibers. The second fiber bundles intersect perpendicular to the first fiber bundles at intersecting sections so as to form a grid structure. The first group and the second group of fibers are layered alternately at the intersecting sections in such a manner that at least one outermost layer is the second group. The resin material bonds fibers in each group, and bonds the groups to one another.

Abstract: A rob material includes an elongated matrix made of synthetic resin, a plurality of first elongated textile elements, and a plurality of second elongated textile elements, the first and second elements being embeded within the matrix, parallel to each other along the matrix, each of the first elements being composed of a plurality of yarns braided together, the second elements having a lower breaking elongation rate than said first elements. In such a rod material, the second elements have a substantially complete elasticity, and the first elements have such an elongation rate as to elongate further after the fracture of the second elements. Therefore, the stress-strain curve of the rod material shows a high elastic modulus in the elastic region and a high breaking elongation rate. In other words, the stress-strain behavior is similar to that of steel rods.

Abstract: A textile reinforced structural component including: a structural component body made of a structural filler; first parallel textile elements; second parallel textile elements crossing the first parallel textile elements at first crossing portions, each of the first textile elements and the second textile elements including at least one row of first textiles and a first resin matrix, made of a first resin, for bonding the first textiles; and an attaching mechanism for attaching the first reinforcement elements and the second reinforcement elements at corresponding first crossing portions to form a grid member. The attaching means includes the first resin. The first and the second reinforcement elements are impregnated with the first resin before attachment thereof, and the grid member is embedded in the structural component body.

Abstract: A concrete reinforcing unit adapted to be embedded in the concrete for concrete construction. The concrete reinforcing unit includes: first parallel textile elements; second parallel textile elements crossing the first parallel textile elements at first crossing portions, each of the first textile elements and the second textile elements including at least one row of first textiles and a first resin matrix, made of a first resin, for bonding the first textiles; and an attaching mechanism for attaching the first reinforcing elements and the second reinforcing elements at corresponding first crossing portions to form a grid member having opposite ends.

Abstract: In the thermal cracking of heavy petroleum oil (having an API specific gravity of not more than 25) in a tubular type heating furnace, a specific inorganic substance is added in a specific proportion to the heavy petroleum oil to prevent the heavy oil from undergoing coking inside the furnace.

Abstract: In the thermal cracking of a heavy petroleum oil (having an API specific gravity of not more than 25) in a tubular type heating furnace, possible occurrence of coking trouble inside the furnace can be prevented by applying a magnetic field of fixed magnitude transversely to the flow of the heavy petroleum oil being introduced into the furnace or by applying a fixed magnitude of magnetic field transversely and, at the same time, applying a fixed magnitude of direct-current voltage parallel to the flow of the heavy petroleum oil being introduced into the furnace. More effective prevention of occurrence of coking can be obtained by having a specific inorganic substance incorporated in the heavy petroleum oil before the oil is subjected to the magnetic field or to simultaneous application of the magnetic field and voltage.

Abstract: Piperazine derivatives of the following formula ##STR1## wherein A and B are a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom except the case where both A and B are nitrogen atoms,R.sub.1 is hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a benzyl group or acetyl group;R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a benzyl group or a vinyl group; andR.sub.3 is hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.