Abstract: Disclosed are novel tert-butyl 4,4-bis(4′-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoate derivatives represented by the following general formula (I); wherein R1 represents a protective group which can be readily eliminated under an acidic condition, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group: and high energy radiation-responsive positive resist materials using said novel derivatives as dissolution inhibitors.

Abstract: A bisphenol derivative represented by the following formula and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. where R is a lower alkyl group, tetrahydropyranyl, methoxymethyl or trialkylsilyl group, and the benzene rings in the formula may be substituted by a lower alkyl group.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the preparation of a polycarbodiimide solution wherein the polycarbodiimide is synthesized by heating an organic diisocyanate (e.g., 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate) in the presence of a carbodiimidation catlayst characterized in that a non-chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon is used as the solvent and the resulting polycarbodiimide has a number average molecular weight from about 3,000 to about 10,000; wherein the synthesis is performed in the temperature range of from about 100.degree. to about 120.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention provides a process wherein a stable solution of polycarbodiimide with a number-average molecular-weight of 5,000 to 60,000 can be very easily prepared by using an organic diisocyanate (e.g., 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate) as starting material, a cyclic phosphine oxide as catalyst and a chlorinated aromatic compound as solvent and by controlling certain reaction conditions within the reaction temperature range of 110.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A bisphenol derivative represented by the following formula and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed: ##STR1## where R is a lower alkyl group, tetrahydropyranyl, methoxymethyl or trialkylsilyl group, and the benzene rings in the formula may be substituted by a lower alkyl group.

Abstract: A positive resist composition comprising a poly(p-hydroxystyrene) as matrix resin which is synthesized by an anionic polymerization method and has a weight average molecular weight of from 8,000 to 20,000, bis(p-t-butoxycarbonylmethyl)thymolphthalein as dissolution inhibitor, bis(p-t-butylphenyl)iodonium triflate as acid generator; a compound which contains one amino group and one carboxyl group to function as acid deactivator and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate as organic solvent.

Abstract: A p-vinylphenoxydimethylphenylcalbyldimethylsilane homopolymer having a molecular weight dispersion narrow enough to ensure high resolution and high developability to resists containing said homopolymer as main component can be manufactured by anionic polymerization of a p-vinylphenoxydimethylphenylcalbyldimethylsilane monomer.

Abstract: A lithium cell having excellent discharging and recharging characteristics is proposed which is characteristic in the unique formulation of the polymeric solid electrolyte composition having a high ionic conductivity to fill the space between the anode and the cathode. The electrolyte composition comprises: (a) a block copolymer of styrene and 4-hydroxystyrene, of which the phenolic hydroxy groups in the 4-hydroxystyrene moiety are substituted by the grafting chains of poly(ethylene oxide) moiety having a specified chain length, (b) an ionic lithium salt and (c) a poly(ethylene oxide) in a specified weight proportion.

Abstract: An organic silazane polymer is prepared by passing a silazane compound in por form through a hollow tube heated at 400.degree. to 700.degree. C. for activation and thermally polymerizing the silazane compound in a liquid phase. Inorganic fibers can be prepared from the organic silazane polymer by melt spinning, infusibilizing, and sintering. An apparatus for preparing an organic silazane polymer is also provided, comprising a heated reactor vessel for evaporating and thermally polymerizing a silazane compound, a heated hollow tube in flow communication with said reactor vessel for receiving the silazane compound vapor and heating it at 400.degree. to 700.degree. C. for activation, and a conduit, with a condenser for condensing the vapor, for feeding the condensed silazane compound back to the reactor.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an organic silazane polymer which comprises: reacting ammonia with a mixture of organosilicic compounds (I) and (II) wherein R is a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a phenyl group, and R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a vinyl group, and X is a chlorine or a bromine atom; then polymerizing the thus obtained silazane compound in the presence of an alkali catalyst.

Abstract: Polytitanocarbosilazane polymers useful as ceramic precursors are prepared by reacting organic silicon compounds of first and second types, a titanium compound, and a disilazane. Ceramic fibers are obtained by melt spinning the polymers followed by infusibilization and pyrolysis.

Abstract: A powdery mixture of a fine silicon carbide powder admixed with boron or a boron compound, e.g. boron carbide, titanium boride and boron oxide, as a sintering aid is compression-molded into a green body which is subjected to a sintering treatment into a sintered body. Different from conventional methods in which the sintering treatment is performed always in an atmosphere of an inert gas, e.g. argon, the sintering treatment in the inventive method is performed in an atmosphere of a rare gas containing 0.005-5% by volume of nitrogen. The sintered body of silicon carbide obtained by this method has an outstandingly high electric volume resistivity of 10.sup.10 to 10.sup.13 ohm.cm and a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 100-220 W/m.K.

Abstract: An infusible organic silazane polymer is prepared by melting, shaping, and infusibilizing an organic silazane polymer. The infusibilizing step includes two steps of treating the shaped polymer with a gas containing the vapor of an infusibilizing silicon, boron, phosphorus or metal compound and further treating with a water vapor-containing gas or ammonia gas. The infusible polymer is efficiently sintered into ceramic fibers without fusion bond.

Abstract: In place of the conventional silicon source materials used in the prior art method for the preparation of silicon carbide whiskers, the inventive method utilizes a hydrolysis product of a chlorosilane compound R.sub.a SiCl.sub.4-a or a chlorodisilane compound R.sub.b Si.sub.2 Cl.sub.6-b, in which R is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a is zero to 3 and b is 1 to 5, as the silicon source which is intimately mixed with a powder of carbon and the mixture is heated at 1400.degree. to 1700.degree. C. to give silicon carbide whiskers in a high conversion. Alternatively, the hydrolysis of the chloro(di)silane compound is performed in an aqueous medium in which a powder of carbon is dispersed in advance so that the hydrolysis product as formed is already a mixture with the carbon powder.

Abstract: Cycloalkyl silane compounds such as cyclohexyl methyl dichlorosilane can be efficiently prepared by the photochemically induced hydrosilylation reaction. For example, an equimolar mixture of cyclohexene and methyl dichlorosilane with admixture of a catalytic amount of a platinum catalyst, which is an alcohol complex of chloroplatinic acid, is irradiated at a temperature of 70.degree. C. with ultraviolet light so that the hydrosilylation reaction takes place and proceeds almost to completeness without deactivation of the platinum catalyst to give the desired product in a yield of 90% or even higher. Unexpectedly, the efficiency of the reaction can be greatly increased when the platinum catalyst is prepared by heating a solution of chloroplatinic acid in 2-ethylhexyl alcohol at 50.degree. to 80.degree. C. for at least 4 hours.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an organic silazane polymer which comprises: reacting ammonia with a mixture of organosilicic compounds (I) and (II) wherein R is a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a phenyl group, and R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a vinyl group, and X is a chlorine or a bromine atom; then polymerizing the thus obtained silazane compound in the presence of an alkali catalyst. A process for manufacturing a ceramic fiber which comprises melting, spinning, and rendering the organic silazane polymer infusible and then baking the same is also disclosed, as are improved silazane polymers and ceramic articles made therefrom.

Abstract: Hollow ceramic fibers are prepared by melt spinning an organic silazane polymer, infusibilizing the fiber to form an infusible layer on the surface, and pyrolyzing the fiber to obtain a ceramic fiber having an empty interior. The infusibilizing step includes two steps of treating the fiber with a gas containing the vapor of an infusibilizing silicon, boron, phosphorus or metal compound and further treating with a water vapor-containing gas or ammonia-containing gas. The surface infusible fibers are efficiently sintered into hollow ceramic fibers without fusion bond.

Abstract: Cycloalkyl silane compound such as cyclohexyl methyl dichlorosilane can be efficiently prepared by the photochemically induced hydrosilylation reaction. For example, an equimolar mixture of cyclohexene and methyl dichlorosilane with admixture of a catalytic amount of an alcoholic solution of, chloroplatinic acid, is irradiated at a temperature up to 70.degree. C. with ultraviolet light so that the hydrosilylation reaction takes place and proceeds almost to completeness without deactivation of the platinum catalyst to give the desired product in a yield of 90% or even higher.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an organic silazane polymer which comprises reacting ammonia with a mixture of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of organic silicon compounds of the following formulae (I) and (II) ##STR1## and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of organic silicon compounds of the following formula (III) ##STR2## in which R represents hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, methyl radical, ethyl radical, phenyl radical or vinyl radical, R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or methyl radical, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, methyl radical, ethyl radical, phenyl radical or vinyl radical and X represents chlorine or bromine; to obtain an ammonolysis product. The ammonolysis product is polymerized in the presence of a basic catalyst capable of deprotonation to obtain an organic silazane polymer. The silazane polymer may be further melted, shaped and infusibilized. The thus infusibilized product is finally sintered to obtain a ceramic material.

Abstract: A novel method for accelerating growth of a plant in agriculture and forestry is proposed in which an organosilicon compound .omega.-carboxyalkylsilicon sesquioxide, e.g. 2-carboxyethylsilicon sesquioxide, of the unit formulaHOOC(CH.sub.2).sub.n SiO.sub.1.5,in which n is a positive integer of 1 to 4, is applied to the plant directly or to the soil in which the plant is growing. The metal salts or complexes of the above compound as well as the precursor compounds thereof readily convertible to the silsesquioxide compound by hydrolysis are also effective.