Abstract: An optical member is disclosed which can prevent invasion of foreign articles into a space on a light path and can prevent deterioration of the yield in a manufacturing process. The optical member includes a first substrate, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate, a joining element for joining the first and second substrates together in a spaced relationship from each other so as to provide a space between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a porous member provided in the joining element. At least one of the first and second substrates is formed from an optical transmission member. The space between the substrates is closed by the joining element and the porous member.

Abstract: A resin composition including an ultraviolet curing resin and ultraviolet-transmitting spherical filler particles having a diameter of 100 ?m to 600 ?m is provided.

Abstract: An electroforming apparatus comprising a container unit for storing the plating solution, a cathode part placed in the container unit and for holding an object to-be-plated and an anode part placed in the container unit face-to-face with the cathode part, wherein a current-conductive opening of the anode part is formed to have an area larger than that of a current-conductive opening of the cathode part.

Abstract: An electroforming apparatus comprises a container unit for storing a plating solution, a cathode part placed in the container unit and for holding an object to-be-plated and an anode part placed in the container unit face-to-face with the cathode part, wherein a current-conductive opening of the anode part is formed to have an area larger than that of a current-conductive opening of the cathode part.