Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming apparatus, which comprises an image bearing member on which a toner image is formed, a sweep roller for removing residual toner particles from the image bearing member, and a recovery roller for recovering the toner particles from the sweep roller. The recovery roller has a diameter of 10 mm or less, and a surface roughness Rz of 1.6 ?m to 6.4 ?m.

Abstract: Provided are a program, a method, and an apparatus for decoding coded data, capable of completely restoring an original stream when decoded data is coded again by causing a computer to function as: means for receiving an input of a signal coded by lossy compression and orthogonally projecting an optional real number vector on one convex aggregate X in a first vector space in which the decoded signal is present; means for judging convergence of convex projection and obtaining a real number vector x belonging to the aggregate X to output the same as a decoded signal when the convergence of the convex projection is judged; and means for orthogonally projecting an optional vector of the first vector space on one convex aggregate Y in a second vector space different from the first vector space when the convergence of the convex projection is not judged, and then repeating orthogonal projection on the aggregate X and the aggregate Y with the coded signal set as an initial value.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a roll type adhesive cleaner which has an easy-to-find starting end for peeling and resists double peeling and which can be produced with smaller-sized equipment that is not required to have accuracy and is therefore economically advantageous and to provide a method of fabricating the roll type adhesive cleaner. The roll type adhesive cleaner of the invention has a plurality of single-sided adhesive tapes (T) each having an adhesive-coated surface (A) on one side and a releasable surface (H) on the other side which are adhered around a core tube (11) in a layered configuration with the adhesive-coated surface (A) out and with lateral sides (s) thereof oblique to the axis of the core tube (11). The single-sided adhesive tape (T) forming each layer is laid with laps on the lateral sides (s) thereof.

Abstract: An image display device provided with a rectangular panel having a substrate 6 composed of glass or resin, a foreside laminated body 2 provided on the viewer side of the substrate 6 and a backside laminated body 7 provided on the backside of the substrate 6, wherein the foreside laminated body 2 has a polarizer 4, and the absorption axis 9 of the polarizer 4 is parallel to the short edge direction of the panel 1.

Abstract: An image display device comprising a panel including a substrate, a foreside laminated body arranged on the viewer side of the substrate, and a backside laminated body arranged on the opposite side of the substrate, wherein the foreside laminated body comprises a polarizer, a viewer side protective film and a substrate side protective film having a thickness thinner than that of the viewer side protective film by 10 ?m or more. The device suppresses lowering in display performance by preventing warpage of the panel.

Abstract: Electrolyte solution and an electrolytic capacitor using it having a low impedance characteristic, having a high withstand voltage characteristic of 100 V class, and a high temperature life characteristic is provided. The electrolyte solution containing an aluminum tetrafluoride salt, and a solvent with high boilling point, such as sulfolane, 3-methyl sulfolane, and 2,4-dimethyl sulfolane, and the like are used. The electrolytic capacitor of the present invention has the low impedance characteristic, the high withstand voltage characteristic, and the excellent high temperature life characteristic.

Abstract: A low cost image forming apparatus can be provided in which the amount of remaining toner of each color in each development apparatus can be detected by a single detection sensor device and at the same time whether the development apparatus is attached to or detached from the image forming apparatus can be discerned by the detection sensor device. The image forming apparatus includes development apparatuses for each color for developing an electrostatic latent image and supply of the developer is controlled based on the detected amount of toner in each of the development apparatuses. The detection sensor device includes a light emitting member and a light receiving member which receives the light emitted from the light emitting member and output a detection signal in accordance with the intensity of received light.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a small-sized developing apparatus which well supplies the developer, does not cause the image degradation for a long term. The developing apparatus comprises a developer containing chamber, a developer supply chamber and developing means which is disposed in said developer supply chamber and develops an electrostatic latent image, a boundary wall which is disposed between said developer containing chamber and said developer supply chamber and has a first and a second opening, and an opening and closing member for opening and closing said first opening. The single component developer is supplied through said second opening into the developer supply chamber. The opening and closing member opens and closes, in response to the toner quantity supplied into the toner supply chamber and allows said single component developer to move in only one direction from said developer supply chamber to said developer containing chamber.

Abstract: If a turn signal switch is operated and a right-turn signal or a left-turn signal is input, a turn signal controller outputs a turn signal lamp lighting signal to a relay so as to make the turn signal lamp flash. Detection signals of an operating amount and an operating direction of a joy stick are input to a main controller, and the main controller detects a steering angle of the vehicle on the basis of the input detection signals, and outputs the steering angle to the turn signal controller. The turn signal controller determines that a course change is finished in a case the input steering angle becomes smaller than a second steering angle after becoming larger than a first steering angle, and stops a turn signal lamp lighting signal on an output state so as to turn off a flashing turn signal lamp.

Abstract: A cleaning unit that performs image formation by use of an amorphous and spherical toners of a plurality of different colors and sequentially performs cleaning for each of the colors has: toner remaining-removing switching means that is provided upstream of a blade in the rotation direction of an image carrier and that permits switching such that a toner scraped off remains at a region where the blade and the image carrier make contact with each other or the toner is removed from the region; and a controller for controlling switching made by the toner remaining-removing switching means. The process by use of the amorphous toner is first performed.

Abstract: An adhesive roll cleaner 1 comprises a core tube and a plurality of adhesive tapes 3 having an adhesive portion A on one side thereof helically wound around the core tube in a layered configuration with the adhesive portion A out. Each of the adhesive tapes 3 is wound with a gap G of prescribed width between a side edge S1 and an adjacent side edge S2, and the width of the adhesive tapes 3 increases toward outside.

Abstract: Novel optical compensation films are disclosed. One embodiment of the films is an optical compensation film wherein d satisfies the equation of d=?0.0115×Rth+3.0 d (?m) or is within the range of ±10% thereof, in which d (?m) is a thickness of the optically anisotropic layer and Rth (nm) is the retardation of only the transparent support in the thickness direction. Another embodiment of the films is an optical compensation film wherein a (deg.) and b (deg.) are within the ranges of 20?a?80 and 20?b?80, and satisfy the relation of ? 5/9×a+45?b?? 5/9×a+110, in which a (deg.) is an average of tilt angles of the major axes (the discotic planes) of the discotic compound molecules at an interface between the optically anisotropic layer and the transparent support, and b (deg.) is an average of tilt angles of the major axes (the discotic planes) of the discotic compound molecules at an air interface on the side of a liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: To provide a high-display-quality optical compensation sheet and a liquid crystal display having the optical member without inducing a problem, such as light leakage due to thermal distortion, the optical compensation sheet for a liquid crystal display, the liquid crystal display containing: a liquid crystal cell having a glass plate; and a polarizing plate having the optical compensation film faced to the glass plate, wherein a thickness of the optical compensation sheet, a photoelastic coefficient of the optical compensation and a photoelastic coefficient of the glass plate satisfy the condition specified in the specification.

Abstract: A developing device of monocomponent development system for developing a latent image formed on an image bearing member according to the present invention includes a toner carrying member disposed opposite the image bearing member via a gap of 50 to 250 &mgr;m therebetween, and including a conductive substrate and an elastic layer having a rubber hardness of not more than 70 degrees and a thickness in the range of 7 to 50 &mgr;m, and a regulating member pressed against a surface of the toner carrying member for regulating the amount of toner on the toner carrying member.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a roll type adhesive cleaner which has an easy-to-find starting end for peeling and resists double peeling and which can be produced with smaller-sized equipment that is not required to have accuracy and is therefore economically advantageous and to provide a method of fabricating the roll type adhesive cleaner. The roll type adhesive cleaner of the invention has a plurality of single-sided adhesive tapes (T) each having an adhesive-coated surface (A) on one side and a releasable surface (H) on the other side which are adhered around a core tube (11) in a layered configuration with the adhesive-coated surface (A) out and with lateral sides (s) thereof oblique to the axis of the core tube (11). The single-sided adhesive tape (T) forming each layer is laid with laps on the lateral sides (s) thereof.

Abstract: A developing device of monocomponent development system for developing a latent image formed on an image bearing member according to the present invention includes a toner carrying member disposed opposite the image bearing member via a gap of 50 to 250 &mgr;m therebetween, and including a conductive substrate and an elastic layer having a rubber hardness of not more than 70 degrees and a thickness in the range of 7 to 50 &mgr;m, and a regulating member pressed against a surface of the toner carrying member for regulating the amount of toner on the toner carrying member.

Abstract: The invention provides processes for bonding a flip chip to a substrate in a manner that maximizes reliability of the bonding operation. Electrically conductive polymer bumps are formed on bond pads of a flip chip and the flip chip polymer bumps are at least partially hardened. Electrically conductive polymer bumps are formed on bond pads of a substrate, and a layer of electrically insulating adhesive paste is then applied on the substrate, covering the substrate polymer bumps with the adhesive. The bond pads of the flip chip are then aligned with the bond pads of the substrate and the at least partially hardened flip chip polymer bumps are then pushed through the substrate adhesive and at least partially into the substrate polymer bumps. In a further method, electrically conductive polymer bumps are formed on bond pads of a flip chip and the flip chip polymer bumps are at least partially hardened.

Abstract: A developing apparatus with a developing roller for conveying toners held on its surface to a developing area opposite to an image carrying member, the surface of the developing roller being moved upward from below in the developing area; a regulating member for regulating an amount of the toners to be conveyed to the developing area by the developing roller; a plate-shaped charging member for charging the toners; and a voltage applying device for applying a voltage to the charging member.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus has an automatic document feeder and a flat bed, wherein a backing part which is read so as to ensure that a leading edge of an original is read is configured to have a white area and a gray area, either the white area or the gray area being read depending on a type of the original, and the original being read subsequently.

Abstract: Rotary cutting pliers for cutting electric wires, having large, medium and small diameters. An electric wire is inserted into an insertion space that is open from the rotary center of a first bearing disk mounted on a first unit of the pliers so that the electric wire comes in contact with the rotary center. The wire is cut by a curved cutter in the insertion space or by a curved or circumferential cutter on a rotor embedded in the first bearing disk. A second bearing disk mounted on a second unit has a second insertion space that is inclined from the rotary center. A curved cutter in a third insertion space of the second bearing disk is open from the rotary center of a rotary disk. The rotary disk has a ratchet on the circumference that can be incorporated into the first bearing disk to complete contact with aligned supporting points at the intersection of the insertion spaces of the first and second bearing disks and with the surfaces of the curved cutters of the first and second bearing disks.