Abstract: A display medium includes: a first substrate having transparency and provided with a transparent electrode on one face thereof, a member having a plurality of penetration holes, the member being placed on a surface of the transparent electrode, the penetration holes penetrating the member from the transparent electrode surface side, the ratio of the length of each of the penetration holes to the largest hole diameter being two or more; a second substrate placed so as to face the transparent electrode side of the first substrate; an electrolytic solution containing a metal ion and placed so as to fill a space between the first and second substrates; and a counter electrode placed in a position so as to be insulated from the transparent electrode and in contact with the electrolytic solution.

Abstract: A colorant comprising an aggregate of a molecule having a squarylium skeleton and having a maximum absorption wavelength at about 500 nm to about 600 nm in a molecular dispersion state.

Abstract: The invention provides a toner for electrostatic charge development including a binder resin and an infrared absorber, wherein at least one of the infrared absorbers is a compound represented by Structural Formula (1).

Abstract: In order to obtain a beam splitting prism which a beam can be split with simpler configuration in a state in which an optical path length is precisely controlled, there is provided a beam splitting prism having an incident and an outgoing faces orthogonal or parallel to each other, wherein transparent mediums, at least one beam splitter, and at least one reflector are combined so that the beam splitter and the reflector are located between the transparent mediums, the beam splitter and the reflector are arranged whose normal directions are orthogonal to each other, whereby a beam incident from an incident end face is outputted from an outgoing end face in the form of a plurality of split output beams.

Abstract: Incident signal beam pulses are transmitted by an on-state region, and an optical path for the signal beam pulses is spatially switched in an optical switch. Signal beam pulses transmitted by the on-state region of the optical switch are detected at a pixel corresponding to a transmitting region of a photo-detector equipped with a plurality of pixels. A timing computation unit acquires position information of a pixel at which a predetermined signal beam pulse has been detected, on the basis of a result of the detection conducted by the photo-detector, and computes timing of arrival of a predetermined signal beam pulse at the optical switch on the basis of the position information of the pixel and time when a region corresponding to the pixel is brought to an on-state.

Abstract: A three-dimensional video display method includes a first step of causing a first optical pulse to enter a fluorescent space from a predetermined direction, and a second step of causing a second optical pulse, into which cross-sectional information is written, to enter the fluorescent space from a direction opposite to the predetermined direction, to induce fluorescence at a position in the fluorescent space where the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse overlap each other.

Abstract: A surface shape measuring adapted so that object light and reference light are outputted from a low coherence light source, the object light which is irradiated onto an object and is reflected and returned therefrom is combined with the reference light, combined light is received by a photodetector to measure a surface shape of the object, including: an optical path length scanning portion adapted to scan an optical path length of the object light or the reference light within a predetermined range; and a splitting optical system provided on at least one of optical paths of the object light and the reference light, to split an incident light beam into light beams, wherein the splitting optical system sets a predetermined optical path length difference corresponding to each predetermined pair of the light beams among the light beams into which the incident light beam is split.

Abstract: An optical switching device including a substrate and at least an organic film as a light control part formed on the substrate. Optical switching is performed by applying signal light and control light to the organic film, the wavelengths of the signal light and the control light being set in a region in the vicinity of resonance on the longer wavelength side in the absorption spectrum of the organic film; and by changing a real part or real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of the light control part by using the control light, to thereby cause a phase difference in the signal light.

Abstract: A method permitting less energy consumption and efficient formation of high quality electrodes is provided. An electrode is formed as an electrodeposited film by irradiating the surface of an object to be treated, the surface at least permitting generation of charged particles when irradiated with a laser beam, with a fentosecond laser beam and metal-plating the surface of a substrate using hot electrons generated by this laser irradiation.

Abstract: An optical pulse code recognition device and an optical distributor recognize multiple bits of a 1 Tbps packet signal as they are, all at one time. A serial signal light emitted from an optical fiber is collimated by a lens and applied onto a mask having a mask pattern. A thin film optical switch increases its optical transmittance when irradiated with a control light, allowing the collimated signal light to transmit through it. When the control light is applied, the transmitted collimated signal light is converted into a parallel signal. The mask pattern has multiple transmission portions allowing one bit of signal light to transmit through and an equal number of non-transmitting portions to block the light, and whether or not a bit pattern of the signal light and the mask pattern match each other is found by detecting a maximum or minimum value of light intensity with a photodetector.

Abstract: An optical switching device including a substrate and at least an organic film as a light control part formed on the substrate. Optical switching is performed by applying signal light and control light to the organic film, the wavelengths of the signal light and the control light being set in a region in the vicinity of resonance on the longer wavelength side in the absorption spectrum of the organic film; and by changing a real part or real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of the light control part by using the control light, to thereby cause a phase difference in the signal light.

Abstract: A dye thin film containing a dye compound represented by the general formula (I), an optical switch, an optical distributor, an optical modulator and an optical switch array having the dye thin film, as well as a method for producing a dye thin film are provided. The method includes the step of coating the solution of the dye compound on a substrate: where R1 and R2 may be identical or different from each other and each represents, respectively, a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group, the dye thin film having high thermal stability, having intense absorption at approximately 1.3 ?m and having ultrafast response characteristic.

Abstract: A dibenzofuranonylium methylate compound represented by the following formula (I), having maximum absorption wavelength of over 1 &mgr;m, high thermal stability and good solubility in organic solvents, and a production method thereof are provided: where R1 and R2 may be identical or different from each other and each represents a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is an optical switching system which is capable of being operated at a very high speed in a communication wavelength region and of meeting the various requests at a high grade by the provision of an optical switching system having such a construction that a signal light composed of a light pulse train, and a pulse-like control light synchronous therewith are applied to a light control portion composed of a thin film made of carbon nanotubes to selectively transmit the light pulse train in the signal light through the thin film to form an output signal light and then receiving the output signal light thus formed is received.

Abstract: In order to obtain a beam splitting prism which a beam can be split with simpler configuration in a state in which an optical path length is precisely controlled, there is provided a beam splitting prism having an incident and an outgoing faces orthogonal or parallel to each other, wherein transparent mediums, at least one beam splitter, and at least one reflector are combined so that the beam splitter and the reflector are located between the transparent mediums, the beam splitter and the reflector are arranged whose normal directions are orthogonal to each other, whereby a beam incident from an incident end face is outputted from an outgoing end face in the form of a plurality of split output beams.

Abstract: Incident signal beam pulses are transmitted by an on-state region, and an optical path for the signal beam pulses is spatially switched in an optical switch. Signal beam pulses transmitted by the on-state region of the optical switch are detected at a pixel corresponding to a transmitting region of a photo-detector equipped with a plurality of pixels. A timing computation unit acquires position information of a pixel at which a predetermined signal beam pulse has been detected, on the basis of a result of the detection conducted by the photo-detector, and computes timing of arrival of a predetermined signal beam pulse at the optical switch on the basis of the position information of the pixel and time when a region corresponding to the pixel is brought to an on-state.

Abstract: Provided is an optical switching system which is capable of being operated at a very high speed in a communication wavelength region and of meeting the various requests at a high grade by the provision of an optical switching system having such a construction that a signal light composed of a light pulse train, and a pulse-like control light synchronous therewith are applied to a light control portion composed of a thin film made of carbon natures to selectively transmit the light pulse train in the signal light through the thin film to form an output signal light and then receiving the output signal light thus formed is received.

Abstract: A dye thin film containing a dye compound represented by the general formula (I), an optical switch, an optical distributor, an optical modulator and an optical switch array having the dye thin film, as well as a method for producing a dye thin film are provided.

Abstract: A dibenzofuranonylium methylate compound represented by the following formula (I), having maximum absorption wavelength of over 1 &mgr;m, high thermal stability and good solubility in organic solvents, and a production method thereof are provided: 1

Abstract: An optical pulse code recognition device and an optical distributor recognize multiple bits of a 1 Tbps packet signal as they are, all at one time. A serial signal light emitted from an optical fiber is collimated by a lens and applied onto a mask having a mask pattern. A thin film optical switch increases its optical transmittance when irradiated with a control light, allowing the collimated signal light to transmit through it. When the control light is applied, the transmitted collimated signal light is converted into a parallel signal. The mask pattern has multiple transmission portions allowing one bit of signal light to transmit through and an equal number of non-transmitting portions to block the light, and whether or not a bit pattern of the signal light and the mask pattern match each other is found by detecting a maximum or minimum value of light intensity with a photodetector.