Abstract: In one example, an electronic device includes a substrate, an electronic component disposed over the substrate, and an encapsulant disposed over the substrate and the electronic component. A molded heat spreader can be disposed over the encapsulant and can comprise a heat spreader and a mold compound disposed around a lateral side of the heat spreader. A lateral side of the mold compound is coplanar with a lateral side of the encapsulant. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A road surface condition estimation apparatus which accurately estimates a road surface condition even under changes of external environment such as weather, etc., and a road surface condition estimation method using the same is described. The road surface condition estimation apparatus includes: a sensor module which is mounted on a tire; a receiver module which receives sensing information measured by the sensor module; a processing module which extracts a parameter for estimating a road surface condition by analyzing the sensing information received by the receiver module; and an estimation module which estimates the road surface condition by using the parameter extracted by the processing module. The sensing information includes an acceleration of the tire.

Abstract: Provided is a technology of estimating a bending stiffness variation of a tire and estimating a tread wear amount of a tire using the same. A tire wear measuring apparatus wear includes a signal receiver configured to measure acceleration inside the tire with respect to an axial direction, which is a radial direction of the tire, for each point inside the tire, a signal analyzer configured to receive signal information from the signal receiver and estimate a tread wear rate of the tire by calculating a bending stiffness variation rate of the tire using axial acceleration inside the tire, a transmitter configured to receive and transmit analysis information, which is information on the tread wear rate of the tire, from the signal analyzer, and a control module configured to receive the analysis information from the transmitter and generate a control signal for a vehicle to which the tire is installed.

Abstract: Provided is a technique of quantifying a change in irregularity appearing in an acceleration signal of a tire and measuring a tread wear amount of the tire using the quantified change.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for measuring a wear rate of a tire tread using tendency of a peak value of acceleration of the tire. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a tire wear measuring apparatus includes: a signal receiver configured to measure acceleration inside the tire installed to a the vehicle for each point inside the tire; a signal analyzer configured to receive signal information from the signal receiver and estimate a tread wear rate of the tire using a peak value of acceleration in longitudinal direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the tire from among acceleration signals inside the tire; a transmitter configured to receive analysis information, which is information on the tread wear rate of the tire, from the signal analyzer and transmit the analysis information; and a control module configured to receive the analysis information from the transmitter and generate a control signal for the vehicle to which the tire is installed.

Abstract: A crowdfunding method may be executed by one or more processors of a crowdfunding system based on a blockchain for creating a game operating on a distributed network composed of a plurality of nodes. The method comprises performing a crowdfunding service on the distributed network according to a configured smart contract. The smart contract comprises generating an initial block including data records related to game production plan information, sharing at least one transaction record related to electronic transactions of coins with the plurality of nodes, generating at least one new block including data records related to at least one transaction record, and updating a blockchain stored in at least one of the plurality of nodes so as to add the new block to the blockchain through communication with the distributed network.

Abstract: An optical sheet and a method for manufacturing the optical sheet are provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus of controlling base station power in a distributive manner in a wireless communication system. A method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include determining ui indicating a turn-on or turn-off state of an i-th base station based on mutual message passing with an adjacent base station in the i-th base station among B base stations; determining xia indicating whether a signal is transmitted to an a-th terminal among N terminals from the i-th base station; and obtaining an optimized value of the ui and the xia which minimize total energy consumption consumed by the B base stations and simultaneously, maximize a data rate of the B base stations.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus of controlling base station power in a distributive manner in a wireless communication system. A method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include determining ui indicating a turn-on or turn-off state of an i-th base station based on mutual message passing with an adjacent base station in the i-th base station among B base stations; determining xia indicating whether a signal is transmitted to an a-th terminal among N terminals from the i-th base station; and obtaining an optimized value of the ui and the xia which minimize total energy consumption consumed by the B base stations and simultaneously, maximize a data rate of the B base stations.

Abstract: A method may achieve an agreement among a plurality of nodes executed by one or a plurality of processors of a blockchain system including a distributed network of the plurality of nodes. The method may comprise: receiving a candidate block in a N-th round (N is a positive integer) by an arbitrary node among the plurality of nodes able to be promoted to producer nodes having a block generation status at a predetermined time for each round, determining whether the received candidate block is a valid candidate block, determining whether the valid candidate block is an unapproved block, and determining whether to vote for approval of the unapproved block by determining whether the unapproved block is a first received candidate block which is a first received candidate block within the N-th round by the arbitrary node.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a multi-capsule, the method including steps of: (a) preparing a coating solution by mixing purified water, titanium dioxide, mica, a hydrophobic polymer, cellulose gum, and sucrose; and (b) drying the coating solution prepared in step (a) while spraying the coating solution through a spray nozzle of a fluid bed dryer after introducing a spherical seed of a colorant component for a cosmetic; or a starch or sucrose spherical seed coated with a functional component into the fluid bed dryer, a multi-capsule produced by the method, and a cosmetic composition containing the multi-capsule as an active component.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for measuring a wear rate of a tire tread using tendency of a peak value of acceleration of the tire. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a tire wear measuring apparatus includes: a signal receiver configured to measure acceleration inside the tire installed to a the vehicle for each point inside the tire; a signal analyzer configured to receive signal information from the signal receiver and estimate a tread wear rate of the tire using a peak value of acceleration in longitudinal direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the tire from among acceleration signals inside the tire; a transmitter configured to receive analysis information, which is information on the tread wear rate of the tire, from the signal analyzer and transmit the analysis information; and a control module configured to receive the analysis information from the transmitter and generate a control signal for the vehicle to which the tire is installed.

Abstract: Provided is a technique of quantifying a change in irregularity appearing in an acceleration signal of a tire and measuring a tread wear amount of the tire using the quantified change.

Abstract: A road surface condition estimation apparatus which accurately estimates a road surface condition even under changes of external environment such as weather, etc., and a road surface condition estimation method using the same is described. The road surface condition estimation apparatus includes: a sensor module which is mounted on a tire; a receiver module which receives sensing information measured by the sensor module; a processing module which extracts a parameter for estimating a road surface condition by analyzing the sensing information received by the receiver module; and an estimation module which estimates the road surface condition by using the parameter extracted by the processing module. The sensing information includes an acceleration of the tire.

Abstract: Provided is a technology of estimating a bending stiffness variation of a tire and estimating a tread wear amount of a tire using the same. A tire wear measuring apparatus wear includes a signal receiver configured to measure acceleration inside the tire with respect to an axial direction, which is a radial direction of the tire, for each point inside the tire, a signal analyzer configured to receive signal information from the signal receiver and estimate a tread wear rate of the tire by calculating a bending stiffness variation rate of the tire using axial acceleration inside the tire, a transmitter configured to receive and transmit analysis information, which is information on the tread wear rate of the tire, from the signal analyzer, and a control module configured to receive the analysis information from the transmitter and generate a control signal for a vehicle to which the tire is installed.

Abstract: A crowdfunding method may be executed by one or more processors of a crowdfunding system based on a blockchain for creating a game operating on a distributed network composed of a plurality of nodes. The method comprises performing a crowdfunding service on the distributed network according to a configured smart contract. The smart contract comprises generating an initial block including data records related to game production plan information, sharing at least one transaction record related to electronic transactions of coins with the plurality of nodes, generating at least one new block including data records related to at least one transaction record, and updating a blockchain stored in at least one of the plurality of nodes so as to add the new block to the blockchain through communication with the distributed network.

Abstract: A method may achieve an agreement among a plurality of nodes executed by one or a plurality of processors of a blockchain system including a distributed network of the plurality of nodes. The method may comprise: receiving a candidate block in a N-th round (N is a positive integer) by an arbitrary node among the plurality of nodes able to be promoted to producer nodes having a block generation status at a predetermined time for each round, determining whether the received candidate block is a valid candidate block, determining whether the valid candidate block is an unapproved block, and determining whether to vote for approval of the unapproved block by determining whether the unapproved block is a first received candidate block which is a first received candidate block within the N-th round by the arbitrary node.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a multi-capsule, the method including steps of: (a) preparing a coating solution by mixing purified water, titanium dioxide, mica, a hydrophobic polymer, cellulose gum, and sucrose; and (b) drying the coating solution prepared in step (a) while spraying the coating solution through a spray nozzle of a fluid bed dryer after introducing a spherical seed of a colorant component for a cosmetic; or a starch or sucrose spherical seed coated with a functional component into the fluid bed dryer, a multi-capsule produced by the method, and a cosmetic composition containing the multi-capsule as an active component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for formation of a thermal bather coating on a gas turbine during operation thereof, which includes addition of an organic compound containing silicon to a fuel under a first condition in order to form a base layer on the surface of a part coming into contact with a combustion gas of the fuel in the gas turbine during operation thereof, as well as addition of the organic compound containing silicon to the fuel under a second condition in order to form a porous layer having more pores than the base layer above the base layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of manufacturing a Ni-based superalloy component for a gas turbine using a one-step process of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and heat treatment, and a component manufactured by the method. In the method, an HIP process and a heat treatment process, which have been performed to manufacture or repair a Ni-based superalloy component for a gas turbine, are performed as a one-step process using an HIP apparatus. Thus, component defects, such as micropores and microcracks, which are generated when casting, welding, or brazing the Ni-based superalloy component for a gas turbine used for a combined cycle thermal power plant or airplane, can be cured using an HIP apparatus at high temperature and high pressure and, at the same time, the physical properties of the Ni-based superalloy component can be optimized using the heat treatment process.