Abstract: Active-energy-ray-curable composition including: monofunctional monomers; and polymerization initiator, cured material of the composition satisfying 0.30?D?0.85, where D is difference between peak-area-ratios A and B in infrared-ATR and obtained by: the composition is coated on polycarbonate substrate to form coated film having average thickness of 10 ?m; the film is irradiated with active energy rays having light quantity of 500 mJ/cm2 at UV intensity of 1.

Abstract: An active-energy-ray-curable composition including active-energy-ray-polymerizable compounds, wherein the active-energy-ray-polymerizable compounds include a monofunctional monomer, a bifunctional monomer, and a trifunctional monomer, and wherein the monofunctional monomer, the bifunctional monomer, and the trifunctional monomer satisfy conditions (1) and (2) below: (1) [number of functional groups derived from the monofunctional monomer]>[number of functional groups derived from the bifunctional monomer]>[number of functional groups derived from the trifunctional monomer]; and (2) a standard deviation of functional group ratios is from 0.003 through 0.030, the functional group ratios being expressed by [number of functional groups derived from N-functional monomer]/([number of functional groups derived from the monofunctional monomer]+[number of functional groups derived from the bifunctional monomer]+[number of functional groups derived from the trifunctional monomer]), the N being mono, bi, or tri.

Abstract: An active-energy-ray-curable composition, cured material of which satisfies W1?75.0 g and 165.0 g?W2?300.0 g when the material is analyzed by variable-normal-load-friction-and-wear-measurement system, W1 being expressed by W1=4*TW1 and W2 being expressed by W2=4*TW2, TW1 and TW2 being obtained by method in which: the material is formed by coating the composition on substrate to have thickness of 10 ?m, and curing the composition, and in the system, load is applied to the material with indenter while the load is changed from 0 g through 200 g for 50 seconds to obtain graph having time in horizontal axis and friction resistance force in vertical axis, and in the graph, a time at which scratch first occurs in the material is defined as T1 and time closest to T1 among times at which change in the friction resistance force is discontinuous is defined as TW1; and TW2 is defined as time at which the substrate is exposed.

Abstract: A toner, including: a colorant; and a binder resin, wherein a spreadability of the toner under a non-pressurized condition is 1.20 to 2.50, wherein a common logarithm of a storage modulus at 100° C. (G?) of the toner is 4.0 [log Pa] to 5.0 [log Pa], and wherein a ratio of a loss modulus at 100° C. (G?) to the storage modulus at 100° C. (G?) of the toner (G?/G?=tan ?) is 1.1 to 2.2.

Abstract: A toner comprised of mother toner particles each including a colorant, a resin A capable of forming a crystalline structure, and a resin B incapable of forming a crystalline structure is provided. The resin A is dispersed in the resin B in the state of phase separation. The long axis of each dispersed particle of the resin A has a length of from 30 to 200 nm and the length ratio of the long axis to the short axis is from 2 to 15. The DSC endothermic quantity attributable to the resin A is from 8 to 20 J/g.

Abstract: To provide a toner, which contains: a colorant; a resin; and a releasing agent, wherein a spin-spin relaxation time (T2s) originated from a soft component is 0.10 msec to 0.50 msec, where the soft component is obtained with a hard component from an echo signal of the toner by a solid-echo technique of pulsed NMR, and a proportion of a proton intensity of the soft component is 50.0% or lower.

Abstract: A toner includes an amorphous resin; and a crystalline polyester resin dispersed in the amorphous resin. The crystalline polyester resin has a volume-average particle diameter (Dv) of from 0.07 to 0.20 ?m, and a ratio (Dv/Dn) of the volume-average particle diameter (Dv) to a number-average particle diameter (Dn) thereof of from 1.00 to 2.25.

Abstract: A toner, including a binder resin, a release agent, and a colorant, wherein a total amount of hydrocarbon compounds having 33 to 35 carbon atoms in the toner measured by ion attachment mass spectrometry (IAMS) is 40% to 70% in terms of a signal intensity ratio.

Abstract: A toner comprised of toner particles including an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin is provided. The coefficient of variation in softening temperature among resin portions in the toner particles is 15% or less when the softening temperature is measured with a scanning probe microscope equipped with a heatable cantilever.

Abstract: A toner, including: colorant; resin; and release agent, wherein MTHF is 4.0×103 to 1.0×106, where MTHF is molecular weight of a peak-top of a peak whose differential molecular distribution value is maximum in differential molecular weight distribution curve derived from the resin, the molecular weight distribution being obtained by GPC of the toner using THF as solvent, and wherein there is no peak at higher molecular weight side of maximum peak (Pmax) present at a molecular weight of 5×104 or less in molecular weight distribution derived from the resin, the molecular weight distribution being obtained by GPC of the toner using HFIP as solvent, or there are one or more peaks at the higher molecular weight of the Pmax, total peak area is 35% or less of area of the Pmax, and the Pmax has half value width of 3.5×104 or less.

Abstract: Provided is [i] a toner including at least a colorant, a resin, and a releasing agent, wherein a spin-spin relaxation time (t2) of the toner at 90° C. obtained by Hahn Echo method of pulse NMR analysis is from 1.80 msec to 7.00 msec. Also provided is [ii] a toner according to [i], wherein the spin-spin relaxation time (t2) of the toner at 90° C. obtained by Hahn Echo method of pulse NMR analysis is from 3.80 msec to 5.90 msec.

Abstract: A toner, including: a colorant; and a binder resin, wherein a spreadability of the toner under a non-pressurized condition is 1.20 to 2.50, wherein a common logarithm of a storage modulus at 100° C. (G?) of the toner is 4.0 [log Pa] to 5.0 [log Pa], and wherein a ratio of a loss modulus at 100° C. (G?) to the storage modulus at 100° C. (G?) of the toner (G?/G?=tan ?) is 1.1 to 2.2.

Abstract: To provide a toner, which contains: a colorant; a resin; and a releasing agent, wherein a spin-spin relaxation time (T2s) originated from a soft component is 0.10 msec to 0.50 msec, where the soft component is obtained with a hard component from an echo signal of the toner by a solid-echo technique of pulsed NMR, and a proportion of a proton intensity of the soft component is 50.0% or lower.

Abstract: A toner comprised of mother toner particles each including a colorant, a resin A capable of forming a crystalline structure, and a resin B incapable of forming a crystalline structure is provided. The resin A is dispersed in the resin B in the state of phase separation. The long axis of each dispersed particle of the resin A has a length of from 30 to 200 nm and the length ratio of the long axis to the short axis is from 2 to 15. The DSC endothermic quantity attributable to the resin A is from 8 to 20 J/g.

Abstract: A toner includes an amorphous resin; and a crystalline polyester resin dispersed in the amorphous resin. The crystalline polyester resin has a volume-average particle diameter (Dv) of from 0.07 to 0.20 ?m, and a ratio (Dv/Dn) of the volume-average particle diameter (Dv) to a number-average particle diameter (Dn) thereof of from 1.00 to 2.25.

Abstract: A toner comprised of toner particles including an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin is provided. The coefficient of variation in softening temperature among resin portions in the toner particles is 15% or less when the softening temperature is measured with a scanning probe microscope equipped with a heatable cantilever.