Abstract: Compositions having electrocatalytic activity and composites having electrocatalytic activity, as well as processes for making compositions and composites are described. Also, processes for using such compositions and/or composites, such as, for example, a machine or equipment are described. Some aspects of embodiments and/or embodiments of the present invention are directed to a nanosize transition metal alloy (such as for example an alloy and/or one or more intermetallics comprising copper, cobalt, nickel, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, the like, and combinations thereof) that is electrocatalytically active. Some other aspects of embodiments and/or embodiments of the present invention are directed to a composite material comprising a nanosize transition metal alloy and a carbonaceous matrix.