Abstract: A continuous method for surface treatment of metal strips applies a finish coat having a thickness of not more than 3 ?m, the apparatus employed for application being equipped with at least one IR sensor which faces a coated side of the strip, operates in reflection geometry, and serves to measure the coat thickness of the finish coat, with the strip running.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing mainly ethylenically unsaturated isobutene polymers, wherein the sum of proportions of molecules with a double bond in an ? position and molecules with a double bond in a position ? is increased to 75% mol by polymerising isobutene in a liquid phase in the presence of a diluted or dispersed catalyst complex which comprises (i) an electron donor and (ii) a compound of general formula (I) Ha Meb [MFx]c, wherein Me is a metal with oxidation state m, M is an element selected from elements of the groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 or 15 of the periodic table according to the IUPAC notation of an element oxidation number n, a is an integer ?1, b is an integer ?0, x is an integer ?2 and c is [(a+mb)/(x?n)]. The catalyst is preferably embodied in the form of HBF4 O(CH3)2. The inventive method makes it possible to obtain an isobutene polymer having a low fluorine-content even using technical C4 hydrocarbon portions as an isobutene source.

Abstract: A continuous method for surface treatment of metal strips applies a finish coat having a thickness of not more than 3 ?m, the apparatus employed for application being equipped with at least one IR sensor which faces a coated side of the strip, operates in reflection geometry, and serves to measure the coat thickness of the finish coat, with the strip running.

Abstract: The invention concerns improved moisture-regulating composites comprising a sheetlike substrate material, a water-soluble hygroscopic substance and a water-absorbing polymer polymerized onto the substrate material in the presence of the hygroscopic substance and comprising a plasticizer, methods of making them and their use for moisture regulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of polyamines having at least one terminal secondary or tertiary amine function as a detergent additive for fuels and lubricants; to additive concentrates comprising such polyamines; to fuels and lubricants additized with these polyamines and to processes for their preparation.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of crosslinked emulsion polymers comprising tertiary ester groups, comprising (a) at least 50% by weight of an ester derived from a tertiary alcohol and an ethylenically unsaturated C3 to C5 carboxylic acid, (b) 0.001% to 5.0% by weight of at least one compound having at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, and (c) 0% to 49.999% by weight of at least one other monoethylenically unsaturated compound in interpolymerized form and having an average particle size of not more than 1000 nm, and water-absorbing materials obtainable by coating a backing material with the aqueous dispersion described of crosslinked emulsion polymers comprising tertiary ester groups, drying and heating the thus treated backing material to a temperature of at least 140° C. to form carboxyl groups from the tertiary ester groups of the emulsion polymer and at least partly neutralizing the carboxyl groups, and also the use of the water-absorbing materials as an absorbent for water and aqueous fluids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solvent-stable metal catalyst having slightly coordinating counter anions of formula I [M(L)a(Z)b]m+m(A?)(I), wherein M represents a transition metal of groups 3-12 of the periodic system, a lanthanide or a metal of groups 2 or 13 of the periodic system; L represents a solvent molecule; Z represents a mono or polycharged ligand; A? represents a slightly or non coordinated anion; a represents a whole number which is greater than or equal to 1; b represents a whole number which is greater than or equal to 1, whereby the total from a and b is between 4 and 8, and m represents a whole number from 1 6. The invention also relates to a method for polymerising olefinically unsaturated compounds in the presence of said catalyst and copolymers which are made of monomers comprising isobutene and at least one vinylaromatic compound which is obtained according to said inventive method.

Abstract: The invention concerns improved moisture-regulating composites comprising a sheetlike substrate material, a water-soluble hygroscopic substance and a water-absorbing polymer polymerized onto the substrate material in the presence of the hygroscopic substance and obtainable by polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer i) and at least 6 parts by weight of crosslinker iii) based on 100 parts by weight of monomer i), methods of making them and their use for moisture regulation.

Abstract: The invention concerns improved moisture-regulating composites comprising a sheetlike substrate material, a water-soluble hygroscopic substance and a water-absorbing polymer polymerized onto the substrate material in the presence of the hygroscopic substance and comprising a plasticizer, methods of making them and their use for moisture regulation.

Abstract: Substituted 7- to 12-membered cycloalkanes which have leaving groups, in particular chlorine atoms, on tertiary ring carbons, a process for preparing them and their use as initiators for cationic polymerization, in particular the cationic polymerization of isobutene are described. Preferred compounds are 1,4-dichloro-1,4-dimethylcyclooctane, 1,5-dichloro-1,5-dimethylcyclooctane and mixtures thereof. They are prepared by addition of hydrogen chloride onto appropriately substituted cycloalkapolyenes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing mainly ethylenically unsaturated isobutene polymers, wherein the sum of proportions of molecules with a double bond in an ? position and molecules with a double bond in a position ? is increased to 75% mol by polymerising isobutene in a liquid phase in the presence of a diluted or dispersed catalyst complex which comprises (i) an electron donor and (ii) a compound of general formula (I) HaMeb[MFx]c, wherein Me is a metal with oxidation state m, M is an element selected from elements of the groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 or 15 of the periodic table according to the IUPAC notation of an element oxidation number n, a is an integer ?1, b is an integer ?0, x is an integer ?2 and c is [(a+mb)/(x?n)]. The catalyst is preferably embodied in the form of HBF4O(CH3)2. The inventive method makes it possible to obtain an isobutene polymer having a low fluorine-content even using technical C4 hydrocarbon portions as an isobutene source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of polyamines having at least one terminal secondary or tertiary amine function as a detergent additive for fuels and lubricants; to additive concentrates comprising such polyamines; to fuels and lubricants additized with these polyamines and to processes for their preparation.

Abstract: Substituted 7- to 12-membered cycloalkanes which have leaving groups, in particular chlorine atoms, on tertiary ring carbons, a process for preparing them and their use as initiators for cationic polymerization, in particular the cationic polymerization of isobutene are described. Preferred compounds are 1,4-dichloro-1,4-dimethylcyclooctane, 1,5-dichloro-1,5-dimethylcyclooctane and mixtures thereof. They are prepared by addition of hydrogen chloride onto appropriately substituted cycloalkapolyenes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improver in the form of a mixture of at least polysiloxane antifoaming agent and at least partially or totally neutralised fat acid. The inventive fuel and additive containing said mixture are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to additive mixtures which comprise, as component A, at least one additive having detergent action and, as component B, at least one partially or completely neutralized fatty acid. The invention further relates to the use of these additive mixtures for additizing fuel and lubricant compositions, and also to fuel and lubricant compositions and concentrates which comprise this additive mixture.