Abstract: There is provided methods, apparatuses and computer program products for video coding and decoding. A first part of a first coded video representation is decoded, and information on decoding a second coded video representation is received and parsed. The coded second representation differs from the first coded video representation in chroma format, sample bit depth, color gamut and/or spatial resolution, and the information indicates if the second coded video representation may be decoded using processed decoded pictures of the first coded video representation as reference pictures.

Abstract: An example method includes: receiving an input extended block comprising an input block and input margins, wherein the input block is derived from an image or a video frame, and wherein the input block and the input margins are input to a filter, and wherein the input margins comprise pixels of the image or the video frame; filtering the input extended block to obtain a filtered extended block comprising a filtered block and filtered margins; receiving other blocks, wherein the other blocks are derived from the image or video frame, and wherein at least one pixel of the other blocks overlaps with at least one pixel of the filtered margins of the filtered extended block; and blending the filtered extended block with the other blocks, wherein an operation to blend the filtered extended block with the other blocks is applied to two or more overlapping pixels

Abstract: A method includes generating a bitstream defining a presentation, the presentation comprising an omnidirectional visual media content and a first visual media component and a second visual media component; indicating in the bitstream a first presentation timeline and a second presentation timeline; and indicating in the bitstream a switching mode with respect to the first presentation timeline associated with the first visual media component, or with respect to the second presentation timeline associated with the second visual media component, the switching mode being indicated dependent on a viewpoint of a user; wherein the switching mode provides an indication of switching to the first visual media component or to the second visual media component, the first visual media component corresponding to content captured from a first omnidirectional camera in a first location, and the second visual media component corresponding to content captured from a second omnidirectional camera in a second location.

Abstract: There are disclosed various methods, apparatuses and computer program products for video encoding and decoding. In some embodiments a method comprises at least one of the following: encoding into a bitstream an indication that motion fields are stored, but only for inter-layer motion prediction; encoding into a bitstream an indication on a limited scope of motion field usage; encoding into a bitstream an indication whether or not to use the motion field for prediction; encoding into a bitstream an indication of storage parameters for storing motion information.

Abstract: A method comprising encoding a bitstream comprising a base layer, a first enhancement layer and a second enhancement layer; encoding an indication of both the base layer and the first enhancement layer used for prediction for the second enhancement layer in the bitstream; encoding, in the bitstream, an indication of a first set of prediction types that is applicable from the base layer to the second enhancement layer, wherein the first set of prediction types is a subset of all prediction types available for prediction between layers, and encoding, in the bitstream, an indication of a second set of prediction types that is applicable from the base layer or the first enhancement layer to the second enhancement layer, wherein the second set of prediction types is a subset of all prediction types available for prediction between layers.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: indicate a mixed network abstraction layer unit type pictures sample group used to merge video base tracks having a subpicture track; indicate a sample group description entry of the mixed network abstraction layer unit type pictures sample group, the sample group description entry indicating a group of pairs of mixed network abstraction layer unit type track reference indices, which reference video subpicture tracks or track groups; and wherein when a video bitstream is resolved from a video base track containing a mixed network abstraction layer unit type sample group with merging pairs of video subpicture tracks signaled in a mixed network abstraction layer unit type pictures sample group entry, then there is mixing of different network abstraction layer unit types.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a method comprising indicating a video bitstream format wherein one or more image regions are allowed in a picture of a video bitstream (710); indicating at least a first substitute image region (720); indicating mapping information to locate the first substitute image region in the picture; wherein a first video bitstream comprising the first substitute image region at a location according to the mapping information conforms to the video bitstream format (730). The embodiments also concern a method at a receiver, and technical equipment for implementing the methods.

Abstract: An apparatus may be configured to: determine at least one image; determine at least one camera parameter; determine at least one distortion parameter, wherein the at least one distortion parameter comprises at least one entrance pupil parameter; determine at least one control point of the at least one image; and refine the at least one distortion parameter based, at least partially, on the at least one control point and the at least one camera parameter.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a method comprising receiving an encoded video comprising a GDR picture and recovering pictures following the GDR picture in decoding order; decoding information that a slice-based GDR is in use, wherein each of the GDR picture and the recovering pictures comprises a first set of slices comprising a clean area and a second set of slices comprising rest of the picture; relabeling the GDR picture as an intra-coded random access point picture in a modified bitstream; including only the first set of slices of the GDR picture and the recovering pictures into the modified bitstream; decoding information on a picture width and height of each of the GDR picture and the recovering pictures; modifying the picture width and height to exclude the second set of slices; and including the modified information on the picture width and height to the modified bitstream.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide an apparatus, a method, and a computer program product. An example method includes determining one or more quantization parameters (quantizers) based at least on one or more of the following: a mean absolute value computed based on a set of parameters of a neural network comprising a parameter; a maximum absolute value computed based on a set of activations of the neural network comprising an activation; a number of parameters in the set of parameters of the neural network comprising the parameter; or a maximum absolute value computed based on an output value computed based on the parameter and the activation; and quantizing at least one of the parameter or the activation based at least on the one or more quantization parameters.

Abstract: There are disclosed various methods, apparatuses and computer program products for video encoding and decoding. In some embodiments a method comprises at least one of the following: encoding into a bitstream an indication that motion fields are stored, but only for inter-layer motion prediction; encoding into a bitstream an indication on a limited scope of motion field usage; encoding into a bitstream an indication whether or not to use the motion field for prediction; encoding into a bitstream an indication of storage parameters for storing motion information.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: indicate an extraction reference map entry used to assign a group identifier to at least one extraction reference, the extraction reference map entry indicating a subpicture layout; wherein the at least one extraction reference causes extraction of a network abstraction layer unit data by reference from another track; wherein the at least one extraction reference comprises an index of a track reference having a subpicture type within a subpicture order sample group description entry; and indicate, using the at least one extraction reference, subpictures or slices of a coded picture in decoding order.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide example apparatus, method, and computer program product. The example apparatus includes: at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory including computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: define a derived image item; and define a single stream item property, wherein the single stream item property is used to indicate that input image items of the derived image item are concatenated in encoded domain to obtain a single stream and are to be decoded by a single decoder.

Abstract: A method comprising encoding a bitstream comprising a base layer, a first enhancement layer and a second enhancement layer; encoding an indication of both the base layer and the first enhancement layer used for prediction for the second enhancement layer in the bitstream; encoding, in the bitstream, an indication of a first set of prediction types that is applicable from the base layer to the second enhancement layer, wherein the first set of prediction types is a subset of all prediction types available for prediction between layers, and encoding, in the bitstream, an indication of a second set of prediction types that is applicable from the base layer or the first enhancement layer to the second enhancement layer, wherein the second set of prediction types is a subset of all prediction types available for prediction between layers.

Abstract: A user equipment, media control unit, media resource function, or another device or function capable of receiving, manipulating, and transmitting data may be configured to: receive an omnidirectional video; determine a viewport of a user equipment; determining a delivery mode; determine a region of the omnidirectional video based, at least partially, on the determined viewport and the determined delivery mode; encode the determined region; packetizing the encoded region; and transmit the packetized region to the user equipment based, at least partially, on the determined delivery mode.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to a method for encoding and a technical equipment for implementing the method. The method includes receiving a sequence of pictures to be encoded; defining a refresh period for coded pictures, wherein the decoded recovery point picture and all subsequent decoded pictures in output order are correct in content when starting decoding from the random access point picture. The encoding further includes determining the size of the refreshed area; selecting a number of sample columns or rows outside a conformance cropping window so that a boundary between the refreshed area and the unrefreshed area of the picture is aligned with a coding tree unit boundary.

Abstract: In example embodiments, an apparatus, a method, and a computer program product are provided. The apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory including computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: encode or decode a high-level bitstream syntax for at least one neural network; wherein the high-level bitstream syntax comprises at least one information unit, wherein the at least one information unit comprises syntax definitions for the at least one neural network or a portion of the at least one neural network; and wherein a serialized bitstream comprises one or more of the at least one information units.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide an apparatus, a method, and a computer program product. An example apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory comprising computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: determine a subset of parameters to overfit from a set of candidate parameters of decoder side neural network to be overfitted (OPs); wherein the subset of parameters to overfit is smaller than the set of candidate parameters to be overfitted; and overfit the determined subset of parameters.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide an apparatus, a method, and a computer program product. The apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory comprising computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: organize plurality of decoders side neural networks based on one or more task categories or one or more tasks; and select a decoder side neural network based at least on the one or more task categories or the one or more task.

Abstract: A method comprising: encoding a first picture on a first scalability layer and on a lowest temporal sub-layer; encoding a second picture on a second scalability layer and on the lowest temporal sub-layer, wherein the first picture and the second picture represent the same time instant, encoding one or more first syntax elements, associated with the first picture, with a value indicating that a picture type of the first picture is other than a step-wise temporal sub-layer access (STSA) picture; encoding one or more second syntax elements, associated with the second picture, with a value indicating that a picture type of the second picture is a step-wise temporal sub-layer access picture; and encoding at least a third picture on a second scalability layer and on a temporal sub-layer higher than the lowest temporal sub-layer.