Abstract: A machine to detect phonon gain to control desired reactions using a container with at least two optical ports, a power supply and wiring connections to enable driving a material sample to be examined, a power supply to drive at least two lasers, a controller to regulate the output of the lasers, a beam path to enable illumination of the sample, a controller to regulate the electric power delivered to the sample enabling driving in more than one state, a detector system to examine the backscatter radiation from the sample by frequency, a second beam path to enable the backscatter to reach the detector system, a computation system to separate and determine the ratios of the examined backscattered frequencies to determine the intensities and distribution, and a second computation system to compare the examined intensities and distribution and ratios to the desired intensities and distribution and ratios to determine what states were detected and to derive changes for the power supply driving the sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems used to examine the activity of a sample of a material involved in a reaction with an isotopic fuel. The system includes a novel holding apparatus for said sample of material with a surrounding structure means to examine and load said sample. Said apparatus also includes means to irradiate said sample of material during loading and means to assess the activity of said sample. In one configuration said means of examining the activity of said sample consists of a multiring calorimeter with a series of concentric chambers surrounding the centrally placed sample of material.

Abstract: A machine for producing flow of isotopic fuel through a material with a wire or rod anode which does not corrode, such as platinum, a solution, such as deuterium oxide (D2O), in which are immersed the electrodes, anode and cathode, which will provide the isotopic fuel (hydrogen or deuterons) and load the cathode, a power supply capable of apply an electric field intensity between the electrodes, able to produce loading and intraelectrode flux of the isotopic fuel, with a potential in the range of 4 to 4000 volts, a cathode of helical shape, long axis parallel to the anode, of palladium, able to load with the isotopic fuel to support intraelectrode flux of the isotopic fuel, a ratio of diameters between the full width of the helical wound cathode and the anode of 4 to 1000, a distance between the electrodes, adjusted to create direct loading, and over each portion of the helical cathode, closest to the anode, over a two dimensional angle of 45 to 130 degrees.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and systems involving loading, such as palladium internally filling [“loading”] with deuterons. The system includes a novel cathode able to vibrate at a natural frequency, means to drive said frequency, and means to monitor said frequency, means to relate frequency changes to changes in the cathodic mass which herald loading. In one configuration said means to vibrate said cathode occurs by an applied external magnetic field intensity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus to increase the loading of isotopic fuels in a metal, such as hydrogen within palladium. The method and apparatus uses an electrical system with anode and cathode, each composed of the same metal with the electrochemical anodic sacrifice of the anode composed of said metal, and an electrolyte containing said metal as an ion and containing said isotopic fuel, thereby codepositing said fuel and said metal ions upon the cathode to increase the loading. In one configuration the anode has a cruciform shape. In the preferred embodiment, means are provided for coaxial loading from a concentric outer cathode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems to control reactions involving isotopic fuels within a material, such as hydrogen within palladium.

Abstract: The present invention to control loaded isotopic fuel within a material uses a two-stage method which involves a first stage of electrode loading, and then, a second stage of sudden rapid (“catastrophic”) flow of hydrogen within the metal. In one configuration means are provided to minimize the degradation of the loaded material. The apparatus includes a novel cathode, novel anode, and heat pipes, to improve reaction rates. The apparatus includes means to extract products. The apparatus includes intraelectrode barriers to obstruct the movement of the isotopic fuel. The apparatus includes thermal and electrical busses, and enables integration of smaller units into larger assemblies.

Abstract: A system to maximize the probability of preserving living tissue separated from its host organism. The system includes a bag or other container to receive a liquid solution plus a biscuit that supplies both nutrients and other materials ordinarily supplied to the tissue by the host, as well as additional material helpful to the tissue during the sub-acute postraumatic period. The nutrients and other materials are introduced to the solution by a biscuit that is formed of the various necessary ingredients. The biscuit introduced to the solution containing the living tissue slowly dissolves therein. An outer housing receives the bag or other container with its contents. The outer housing, by use of ice or other heating/cooling measures, serves to maintain the tissue and its supporting mechanism at between about 2.degree. C. and 20.degree. C.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating oxygen in an excited electronic state and hydroxyl radicals by interaction of oxygen and an electroactive mediator in solution under the influence of light and electricity. The system serves to generate the superoxide radical anion (O.sub.2) and consequently hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2) and the hydroxyl radical (OH.multidot.).

Abstract: A method of inactivating viruses, bacteria, cells, toxins, etc., in vitro is disclosed. The disclosed method involves introducing an active agent capable of assuming an excited state when subjected to light, e.g., methylene blue, into the material to be inactivated. The virus, bacteria, etc. is then subjected to concurrent application of an electric field and light for inactivation.

Abstract: Electrochemical process and apparatus to control the chemical state of a material, that is, to cause said material to retain desired characteristics in an environment that normally would cause a change in those characteristics or to cause a material that has deteriorated from a desired chemical state to revert to the desired state.

Abstract: A system for inactivation of microorganisms and their products (viruses, bacteria, toxins and cells) such as, for example, Herpes simplex viruses by superposition of a component such as, for example, methylene blue (MB) plus light, oxygen and electricity. The system serves to generate the superoxide radical anion (O.sub.2) and consequently hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2) and the hydroxyl radical (OH.), both of which enter into the inactivation process, but each has use beyond said system. The disclosed activating components include methylene blue covalently bonded to conconavalin A to enhance its binding to mammalian lymphoblasts and compounds of d.sup.- and f.sup.- transition metals such as cis-platinum diamino dichloride.

Abstract: Electrochemical process and apparatus to control the chemical state of a material, that is, to cause said material to retain desired characteristics in an environment that normally would cause a change in those characteristics or to cause a material that has deteriorated from a desired chemical state to revert to the desired state.

Abstract: A system for inactivation of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, toxins and cells) such as, for example, Herpes simplex viruses by superposition of a component such as, for example, methylene blue (MB) plus light, oxygen and electricity. The system serves to generate the superoxide radical anion (O.sub.2) and consequently hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2) and the hydroxyl radical (OH.), both of which enter into the inactivation process, but each has use beyond said system.

Abstract: Process and apparatus to control the chemical state of a material. Bulk control of the chemical state of such material which permits maintenance of chemicals including enzymes by both restoration and stabilization. Optical and electrical power sources act in the presence of chemical mediators to control the rate of charge transfer to substances including metals contained in proteins, for example. Controlled charge transfer to the proteins enables construction of devices including small molecule detectors, e.g., electrically restored ferrous deoxyhemoglobin in a discrete component electrooptical circuit to monitor, for example, oxygen and carbon monoxide partial pressures. Restoration of chemical activity in molecules which have deteriorated enables construction of chemical reactors composed of stabilized catalysts and enzymes, e.g., restored functional nitrogenase in solar energy conversion devices which evolve molecular hydrogen or in chemical reactors which convert molecular nitrogen into ammonia.