Abstract: Lignocellulosic carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity, high density gas-phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore volume size distribution to optimize the carbon's mesoporosity. A novel process is disclosed for producing the carbon.

Abstract: Lignocellulosic carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity, high density gas-phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore size distribution to optimize the carbon's mesoporosity. Alternative processes are disclosed for producing the carbon, as are its application in emission control for vehicles.

Abstract: Lignocellulosic carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity, high density gas-phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore size distribution to optimize the carbon's mesoporosity. Alternative processes are disclosed for producing the carbon, as are its application in emission control for vehicles.

Abstract: A lignin dispersion of submicron particles with film forming, binding, and adhesive properties in which the median particle diameter of the lignin in dispersion preferably is less than about 300 angstroms. The aqueous dispersion is formed by reacting about 12 to 18% lignin by weight in aqueous solution with from about 2 to 15 moles ammonia, 4 to 12 moles formaldehyde, and 0.25 to 1.25 moles sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide at a temperature of at least about 150.degree. F. for a period of time to produce a colloidal dispersion of lignin particles.

Abstract: A lignin dispersion of submicron particles with film forming, binding, and adhesive properties in which the median particle diameter of the lignin in dispersion preferably is less than about 300 angstroms. The aqueous dispersion is formed by reacting about 12 to 18% lignin by weight in aqueous solution with from about 2 to 15 moles ammonia, 4 to 12 moles formaldehyde, and 0.25 to 1.25 moles sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide at a temperature of at least about 150.degree. F. for a period of time to produce a colloidal dispersion of lignin particles.

Abstract: A method of producing a lignin by-product of the black liquor residue of a kraft pulping process having improved water-solubility in amine salt form wherein the lignin precipitate of the black liquor residue is water-wash purified and maintained at moderately acid pH of no lower than about 5. The lignin may then be combined in aqueous slurry with an organic amine, such as monoethanolamine, to provide a highly stable aqueous solution of the amine salt of the lignin. The water-soluble lignin salt is particularly suited for use as an additive in water-based pigment printing compositions. The lignin amine salt functions as a grinding agent for the pigment in formulating and as a binder for the pigment in the printing process.

Abstract: A method of producing a lignin by-product of the black liquor residue of a kraft pulping process having improved water-solubility in amine salt form wherein the lignin precipitate of the black liquor residue is water-wash purified and maintained at moderately acid pH of no lower than about 5. The lignin may then be combined in aqueous slurry with an organic amine, such as monoethanolamine, to provide a highly stable aqueous solution of the amine salt of the lignin. The water-soluble lignin salt is particularly suited for use as an additive in water-based pigment printing compositions. The lignin amine salt functions as a grinding agent for the pigment in formulating and as a binder for the pigment in the printing process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a tackifying composition for rubber comprising an alkali lignin coprecipitated with a saponified tall oil pitch from an alkaline solution of the lignin and the pitch, the amount of saponified tall oil pitch being from 25% to 75% of the weight of said lignin. When the lignin-saponified pitch composite is added to a raw rubber stock in an amount of from 1 part to 50 parts per 100 parts of raw rubber stock the tack is improved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are flowable pesticide formulations comprising; 40-60% by weight of the total formulation of a liquid water-insoluble toxicant or mixture of toxicants, 1-25% weight of the total formulation of a hydrocarbon oil from the group consisting essentially of benzene, chlorobenzene and straight chain petroleum aliphatic solvents, 1-10% by weight of the total formulation of an alkali lignin suspending agent, and the remainder being water. When subjected to a higher shear, the lignin suspending agent along with the hydrocarbon oil, liquid toxicant, and water produces a thixotropic formulation with such rheological properties as to prevent or drastically reduce sedimentation and liquid phase separation.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing lignin-polymer compositions. The process comprises coprecipitation of hexamethylene tetramine modified alkali lignin and rubber or resin latices with a gas, such as carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide. The lignin-latex coprecipitate is then gas dried at a temperature which causes decomposition of the ammonium carbonate or ammonium sulfite which was formed during the precipitation step, leaving a lignin reinforced polymer free of inorganic salts.

Abstract: The subject invention is directed to composites of lignin and biologically active materials. The composites consist of a biologically active agent dispersed throughout an alkali lignin material in a ratio of .1:1 to 1:10 of the biologically active agent to alkali lignin. The biologically active agent is either entrapped by the lignin macromolecular matrix or held by physical-chemicalforces of van der Waal's, hydrogen bonding or ion association types. The active agent is slowly released on application either by diffusion through the lignin solid, or through degradation or dissolution of the lignin. The composites are obtained by a variety of processes including the coprecipitation-inclusion from an aqueous alkaline lignin solution by adding acid or salts, the drying of a precipitated lignin slurry biologically active agent dispersion, or the elimination of a common solvent from a lignin-biologically active organic agent mixture.