Abstract: A decoder can obtain a film grain model syntax element from a parameter set in a coded data representation. The decoder can determine a film grain model value by decoding the film grain model syntax element. The decoder can decode a current picture from the coded data representation. The decoder can generate an output picture by applying generated film grain to the current picture. The decoder can output the output picture.

Abstract: An encoder and a decoder are provided for encoding, and decoding pictures, respectively. The encoder defines a structure for a picture segment by dividing the picture into multiple picture segment groups and assigning a unique group ID to each group. Each picture segment group is further divided into one or more picture segments or “tiles,” with each picture segment being assigned the ID of its picture segment group. The encoder then encodes the picture segments of the picture segment groups into a bit stream, and sends the bit stream to the decoder. Upon receiving the bit stream, the decoder extracts each picture segment group as a single entity and decodes the picture segments in each picture segment group in a predetermined order.

Abstract: An encoder (400), a decoder (450), and methods (20, 30) for partitioning a picture from a sequence of video pictures into a layout having a plurality of flexible tiles or segments is disclosed. Each tile or segment (T) comprises a single rectangular or square region. The encoder generates (22) a partition structure and encodes (28) the tiles according to the partition structure. The encoder also generates a bitstream (12) comprising a plurality of coded segments and information indicating the partition structure used to partition the picture into the plurality of flexible tiles or segments, and sends (29) the bitstream to the decoder. Upon receipt, the decoder uses the coded segments and information in the bitstream to decode (38) the plurality of coded segments.

Abstract: There are provided mechanisms for performed by a decoder. The method comprises receiving a coded video stream (CVS). The method comprises processing the CVS, wherein: the CVS comprises a first set of one or more codewords that encodes a first set of one or more values representing a first part of a segment address, the CVS comprises a second set of one or more codewords that encodes a second set of one or more values representing a second part of the segment address, and the segment address specifies the spatial location of a segment within a picture.

Abstract: There is provided a see-through display and a method for operating a see-through display. The display is configurable to display additional image content for augmenting a user's view of a scene visible through the display. According to the method, image data are received defining an image of a scene visible through the display. By analysis of the received image data, one or more characteristics of the scene are determined. A light effect to be applied to the user's view of the scene is determined. Additional image content is generated according to the determined light effect and according to the one or more determined characteristics of the scene. The generated additional image content is displayed to the user such that light received from the scene is combined with the additional image content, thereby to implement the determined light effect in the user's view of the scene.

Abstract: There are provided mechanisms performed by a decoder. The method comprises receiving a bitstream. The method comprises processing the received bitstream, wherein: the bitstream comprises a first part of the bitstream, and the first part of the bitstream provides segment presence information, and further wherein i) the segment presence information indicates that at least segments of a first segment type shall not be present in at least a portion of the bitstream, or ii) the segment presence information indicates that at least segments of the first segment type may be present in at least the portion of the bitstream.

Abstract: In encoding a picture, comprising a plurality of tiles, into a bit-stream, a method and apparatus is provided for signaling the tile attribute values per-tile, using a compact syntax. These embodiments signal per-tile attribute values using a loop over the tiles. The tile attributes may, for example, be in the form of a set of tile syntax elements (one syntax element per tile attribute), or for example in the form of a set of flags to enable or disable the usage of the tile attributes. These embodiments provide freedom for an encoder to assign the tile attribute values per tile, or per any subset of tiles in a picture, and the attribute values are signaled in a compact syntax using a loop (or loops) over tiles.

Abstract: There are provided mechanisms for decoding a set of pictures from a bitstream. The method comprises obtaining a layer access, LA, indication identifying an LA picture in an access unit, wherein i) the LA picture has a layer identifier value that identifies a layer and ii) the LA picture is followed by other pictures in a decoding order. The method comprises determining, based on the LA indication, an LA position in the bitstream. The method comprises decoding the LA picture and the other pictures following the LA picture in the decoding order, wherein no parameter set that: a) has a particular type, b) has a layer identifier value equal to the layer identifier value of the LA picture, and c) precedes the LA position is used for decoding the LA picture.

Abstract: A method for decoding a picture from a bitstream. In one embodiment, The method includes: receiving a slice header for a slice of the picture, wherein the slice header comprises a state syntax element; decoding a state value from the state syntax element in the slice header, wherein a) if the state value is not equal to a first value, then the state value indicates that i) the bitstream includes for the picture a picture header comprising a set of picture syntax elements and ii) the slice header does not comprise the set of picture syntax elements and b) if the state value is equal to the first value, then the state value indicates that i) the slice header contains said set of picture syntax elements and ii) the bitstream does not include a picture header for the picture; and using the set of picture syntax elements to decode the slice of the picture.

Abstract: An encoder and a decoder are provided for encoding, and decoding pictures, respectively. The encoder defines a structure for a picture segment by dividing the picture into multiple picture segment groups and assigning a unique group ID to each group. Each picture segment group is further divided into one or more picture segments or “tiles,” with each picture segment being assigned the ID of its picture segment group. The encoder then encodes the picture segments of the picture segment groups into a bit stream, and sends the bit stream to the decoder. Upon receiving the bit stream, the decoder extracts each picture segment group as a single entity and decodes the picture segments in each picture segment group in a predetermined order.

Abstract: There are provided mechanisms performed by a video decoder. The method comprises obtaining a network abstraction layer (NAL) unit having a particular NAL unit type. The obtained NAL unit comprises a NAL unit header. The NAL unit header of the obtained NAL unit comprises at least a first part comprising N bits. The method comprises obtaining NAL unit header (NUH) extension information that indicates whether or not the NAL unit header further comprises a second part that comprises M bits. The method comprises determining, based on the NUH extension information, a NAL unit type value specifying the particular NAL unit type of the obtained NAL unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns an image sensor comprising a set of pixels, wherein each pixel of the set comprises a first and a second element, the first element comprising a photodiode module unit, and the second element being an element for filtering color and focusing incident light into said first element. The image sensor further comprises at least two consecutive pixels from the set of pixels, for which first elements are put side by side, and wherein the image sensor comprises a gap between second elements of said at least two consecutive pixels.

Abstract: A method performed by a decoder to decode a bitstream and a decoder is provided. One or more syntax elements are decoded from the bitstream. A first value is derived from the one or more syntax elements. The first value is compared to a predetermined set of values that comprises at least two values. Whether the first value is within a predetermined range of values in the predetermined set of values is determined. Responsive to determining the first value is within the predetermined range of values in the predetermined set of values, it is determined that a location of an access unit boundary is indicated. Analogous methods performed by an encoder and an encoder are also provided.

Abstract: There are provided mechanisms for processing encoded image data. The method comprises receiving an encoded bitstream comprising parameter set information. The parameter set information may comprise a syntax indicator, a first coded portion comprising first coded sample information for a picture and a second coded portion comprising second coded sample information for the picture. The method further comprises, responsive to a first value of the syntax indicator, decoding the first coded sample information using a picture header syntax element from a picture header of the encoded bitstream. The method further comprises, responsive to the first value of the syntax indicator, decoding the second coded sample information using the picture header syntax element from the picture header of the encoded bitstream.

Abstract: A method of decoding an encoded image includes obtaining a layer identification, Layer ID, indicator from a first field of a header for a network abstraction layer, NAL, unit of the encoded image, determining whether the Layer ID indicator is less than a start value, in response to determining that the Layer ID indicator is not less than the start value, determining the Layer ID value based on the Layer ID indicator and based on an extension value provided in a second field of the header, and decoding the NAL unit based on the Layer ID value. Related decoders, encoding methods, encoders and computer program products are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods to decode a picture from a bitstream are discussed. A partitioning structure of the picture is determined, wherein the partitioning structure defines at least first and second partitions of the picture. At least one dependency syntax element is decoded from the bitstream, and whether the second partition is dependent on or independent of the first partition is determined based on the at least one dependency syntax element. The picture is decoded from the bitstream based on determining whether the second partition of the picture is dependent on or independent of the first partition of the picture. Related methods of encoding and related devices are also discussed.

Abstract: There are provided mechanisms for processing encoded image data. The method comprises receiving an encoded bitstream comprising parameter set information. The parameter set information may comprise a syntax indicator, a first coded portion comprising first coded sample information for a picture and a second coded portion comprising second coded sample information for the picture. The method further comprises, responsive to a first value of the syntax indicator, decoding the first coded sample information using a picture header syntax element from a picture header of the encoded bitstream. The method further comprises, responsive to the first value of the syntax indicator, decoding the second coded sample information using the picture header syntax element from the picture header of the encoded bitstream.

Abstract: A decoder can be configured to decode a picture from a bitstream in which the picture is partitioned into a plurality of tile groups. The decoder can decode a first part of the bitstream (including parameter set data) to form a size mapping that maps a tile group index value to a number of tiles to be decoded for a first tile group. The decoder can further decode a second part of the bitstream (including includes coded tile groups) by: decoding, from a tile group header in a first coded tile group, a first tile group index value for the first tile group; determining a first size for the first tile group based on the first tile group index value and the size mapping; and decoding a number of coded tiles to form the decoded picture, the number of coded tiles being equal to the first size.

Abstract: A method of decoding a set of pictures from a bitstream is provided. The method includes identifying a recovery point in the bitstream from a recovery point indication. The recovery point specifies a starting position in the bitstream for decoding the set of pictures. The method further includes decoding the recovery point indication to obtain a decoded set of syntax elements. The method further includes deriving information for generating a set of unavailable reference pictures from the decoded set of syntax elements before any of the coded picture data is parsed by a decoder. The method further includes generating the set of unavailable reference pictures based on the derived information. The method further includes decoding the set of pictures after generation of the set of unavailable reference pictures. Methods performed by an encoder are also provided.

Abstract: A method performed by a decoder for decoding a bitstream comprising a picture parameter set, PPS, and a first set of slices. The method includes obtaining the picture parameter set. The method also includes decoding a syntax element included in the picture parameter set to obtain an indicator value. The decoder is configured such that if the indicator value is set to a first value then the decoder determines that a picture header included in the bitstream comprises a parameter value corresponding to a particular parameter, otherwise the decoder determines that each slice included in the first set of slices comprises a parameter value corresponding to the particular parameter. If the picture header comprises the parameter value corresponding to the particular parameter, then this parameter value is used to decode slice data of each slice included in the first set of slices.