Abstract: A three-dimensional culture method includes: providing a cell suspension, the cell suspension containing a cell (12C) and a culture medium (14M); providing a solid surface (10S), the solid surface having a plurality of raised portions (10Sp) whose height is not less than 10 nm and not more than 1 mm; attaching a liquid drop (16D) of the cell suspension to the solid surface (10S); and culturing the cell (12C) in the liquid drop (16D) under such conditions that a direction of gravity exerted on the liquid drop (16D) is toward the solid surface (10S).

Abstract: In the manufacturing method of the array substrate, an under layer having a surface with irregular irregularities is formed on a substrate, a metal film with irregularities profiling the surface of the under layer is formed on the under layer, a colored resist layer is formed on the metal film, the colored resist layer is patterned to form a regularly arranged colored resist pattern, an optical inspection is performed to optically detect a defect of the colored resist pattern, a defect of the colored resist pattern detected by the optical inspection is repaired; and the metal film is etched while using the resist pattern as a mask.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of production control and a method of manufacturing industrial products. It is an object of the invention to provide a method of production control and a method of manufacturing industrial products which make it possible to set a target processing quantity of a process appropriately set and to improve the throughput of a production line as a whole. A method of production control for a production line including a plurality of processes is provided, in which a target processing quantity Lk for a process Pk is obtained from: Lk=Nk?SKk(Nk>SKk) Lk=0(Nk?SKk) where the processes are represented by Pn (n=1, 2, . . . , k?1, k, . . .

Abstract: The invention relates to a manufacturing method of an array substrate used for a reflective or transflective liquid crystal display device and a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device using the same, and has an object to provide the manufacturing method of the array substrate in which the manufacturing cost can be reduced and excellent display quality can be obtained, and the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device using the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of production control and a method of manufacturing industrial products. It is an object of the invention to provide a method of production control and a method of manufacturing industrial products which make it possible to set a target processing quantity of a process appropriately set and to improve the throughput of a production line as a whole. A method of production control for a production line including a plurality of processes is provided, in which a target processing quantity Lk for a process Pk is obtained from: Lk=Nk?SKk(Nk>SKk) Lk=0(Nk?SKk) where the processes are represented by Pn (n=1, 2, . . . , k?1, k, . . .