Abstract: A closed type capacitor (1) includes: an external container (10) which cuts off gas; a pair of polarized electrodes contained in the external container (10); a separator arranged between the electrodes; and a non-aqueous electrolytic liquid containing electrolyte and a non-aqueous organic solvent if necessary. The external container (10) has an opening (10A) for communication between inside and outside the container and a valve mechanism (13) which is arranged to cover the opening (10A) and which is opened and closed by the pressure difference between the inside and outside the container (10). The electrolyte contains more than 30 mass % of ion liquid. This closed type capacitor can minimize separation of electrolyte in the valve path.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric double layer capacitor which is excellent in rate characteristics and low-temperature characteristics while having a high capacitance even when an electrolyte solution containing a high-concentration ionic liquid is used. Specifically disclosed is an electric double layer capacitor comprising a pair of polarizable electrodes and an electrolyte solution. As the polarizable electrodes, there is used one mainly composed of an activated carbon which has the peak in the micropore radius distribution determined by the MP method within a range from 5.0×10?10 to 1.0×10?9 m. As the electrolyte solution, there is used an ionic liquid having a concentration of more than 2.0 mol/L.

Abstract: In an electrical double-layer capacitor having a pair of polarizable electrodes, a separator between the polarizable electrodes and a liquid electrolyte, the polarizable electrodes contain as a main component an activated carbon having micropores with a pore radius distribution peak as determined by the MP method within a range of 4.0×10?10 to 8.0×10?10 m, and the liquid electrolyte includes an electrolyte salt which is an ionic liquid. Such electrical double-layer capacitors have excellent low-temperature characteristics and a high electrostatic capacitance.

Abstract: In an electrical double-layer capacitor having a pair of polarizable electrodes, a separator between the polarizable electrodes and a liquid electrolyte, the polarizable electrodes contain as a main component an activated carbon having micropores with a pore radius distribution peak as determined by the MP method within a range of 4.0×10?10 to 8.0×10?10 m, and the liquid electrolyte includes an electrolyte salt which is an ionic liquid. Such electrical double-layer capacitors have excellent low-temperature characteristics and a high electrostatic capacitance.

Abstract: There are disclosed a bioreactor carrier comprising a (A) water swellable thermoplastic resin, preferably water swellable thermoplastic polyurethane resin and a (B) specific inorganic filler which is added thereto at the time of producing and/or molding said resin, characterized in that the specific gravity of the carrier on swelling in water is controlled within the range of 1.02 to 1.35; a process for producing the bioreactor carrier; and a process for denitrifying treatment of organic waste water which comprises nitrifying and denitrifying nitrogen components in the organic waste water with microbes by the use of the above bioreactor carrier. The bioreactor carrier has high physical strength, can be readily produced and uniformly fluidized in a reactor, and enables microbial and enzymatic reactions to be effectively performed.

Abstract: There are disclosed a bioreactor carrier comprising a (A) water swellable thermoplastic resin, preferably water swellable thermoplastic polyurethane resin and a (B) compatible resin with the resin as the component (A), and as the case may be, a (C) inorganic filler, characterized in that the degree of volumetric swelling of said carrier is controlled within the range of 120 to 3000%, and that the specific gravity of said carrier on swelling in water is controlled within the range of 1.02 to 2.12; a process for producing the bioreactor carrier; and a process for denitrifying treatment of organic waste water which comprises nitrifying and denitrifying nitrogen components in the organic waste water with microbes by using the above bioreactor carrier. The bioreactor carrier has high physical strength, can be readily produced and uniformly fluidized in a reactor, and enables microbial and enzymatic reactions to be effectively performed.

Abstract: There are disclosed a bioreactor carrier comprising a (A) water swellable thermoplastic resin, preferably water swellable thermoplastic polyurethane resin and a (B) specific inorganic filler which is added thereto at the time of producing and/or molding said resin, characterized in that the specific gravity of the carrier on swelling in water is controlled within the range of 1.02 to 1.35; a process for producing the bioreactor carrier; and a process for denitrifying treatment of organic waste water which comprises nitrifying and denitrifying nitrogen components in the organic waste water with microbes by the use of the above bioreactor carrier. The bioreactor carrier has high physical strength, can be readily produced and uniformly fluidized in a reactor, and enables microbial and enzymatic reactions to be effectively performed.

Abstract: There are disclosed a bioreactor carrier comprising a (A) water swellable thermoplastic resin, preferably water swellable thermoplastic polyurethane resin and a (B) compatible resin with the resin as the component (A), and as the case may be, a (C) inorganic filler, characterized in that the degree of volumetric swelling of said carrier is controlled within the range of 120 to 3000%, and that the specific gravity of said carrier on swelling in water is controlled within the range of 1.02 to 2.12; a process for producing the bioreactor carrier; and a process for denitrifying treatment of organic waste water which comprises nitrifying and denitrifying nitrogen components in the organic waste water with microbes by using the above bioreactor carrier. The bioreactor carrier has high physical strength, can be readily produced and uniformly fluidized in a reactor, and enables microbial and enzymatic reactions to be effectively performed.

Abstract: A washing method for a separation membrane module which comprises adding a gel particle equivalent to 3 to 40 % of the internal capacity of a membrane module into a liquid being treated and suspending it therein, removing and washing built-up materials on the membrane through contacting the gel particle to the membrane and the internal surface of the module, thereby resulting in preventing the membrane from being obstructed and increasing the permeation pressure thereof. The gel particle comprises an organic polymeric compound, which is gelled by absorbing water, with a specific gravity in water from 0.9 to 1.25, a volume swelling ratio in water from 150 % to 4000% and a compressive yield stress in water from 2.0 MPa to 10.0 MPa thereof. As the gel particle, a thermoplastic polyethylene glycol gel, a thermoplastic polyurethane gel and the like are illustrated. The gel particle is manufactured by a melt extrusion molding method.

Abstract: There are disclosed a bioreactor carrier comprising a (A) water swellable thermoplastic resin, preferably water swellable thermoplastic polyurethane resin and a (B) compatible resin with the resin as the component (A), and as the case may be, a (C) inorganic filler, characterized in that the degree of volumetric swelling of said carrier is controlled within the range of 120 to 3000%, and that the specific gravity of said carrier on swelling in water is controlled within the range of 1.02 to 2.12; a process for producing the bioreactor carrier; and a process for denitrifying treatment of organic waste water which comprises nitrifying and denitrifying nitrogen components in the organic waste water with microbes by using the above bioreactor carrier. The bioreactor carrier has high physical strength, can be readily produced and uniformly fluidized in a reactor, and enables microbial and enzymatic reactions to be effectively performed.

Abstract: There are disclosed a bioreactor carrier comprising a (A) water swellable thermoplastic resin, preferably water swellable thermoplastic polyurethane resin and a (B) specific inorganic filler which is added thereto at the time of producing and/or molding said resin, characterized in that the specific gravity of the carrier on swelling in water is controlled within the range of 1.02 to 1.35; a process for producing the bioreactor carrier; and a process for denitrifying treatment of organic waste water which comprises nitrifying and denitrifying nitrogen components in the organic waste water with microbes by the use of the above bioreactor carrier. The bioreactor carrier has high physical strength, can be readily produced and uniformly fluidized in a reactor, and enables microbial and enzymatic reactions to be effectively performed.