Abstract: The present invention provides an activator in arylamination using a palladium compound as a catalyst, which is superior to conventional phosphines in stability and performance. With the phosphine sulfide as an activator, an arylamination reaction achieves improved selectivity to produce a desired aromatic amine in an obviously increased yield as compared with a reaction using the corresponding phosphine compound. Moreover, the phosphine sulfide of the invention is impervious to oxidation and exists stably in air and therefore sufficiently withstands use on an industrial scale.

Abstract: The present invention provides an activator in arylamination using a palladium compound as a catalyst, which is superior to conventional phosphines in stability and performance. With the phosphine sulfide as an activator, an arylamination reaction achieves improved selectivity to produce a desired aromatic amine in an obviously increased yield as compared with a reaction using the corresponding phosphine compound. Moreover, the phosphine sulfide of the invention is impervious to oxidation and exists stably in air and therefore sufficiently withstands use on an industrial scale.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing 7.sub..alpha. -hydroxylated steroids by fermenting or reacting a steroid to be hydroxylated with microorganisms of the genus Botryodiplodia or enzyme extracts thereof until hydroxylation occurs. The invention process produces steroid compounds which are pharmacologically valuable substances.

Abstract: A novel antibiotic having the ascribed formula ##STR1## is provided. They physical characteristics are as follows: (a) Elementary analysis: Calculated (for C.sub.20 H.sub.16 O.sub.7): C,65.22; H,4.35%. Found: C,64.60; H,4.34%.(b) Molecular weight (mass-spectrometric): 368.(c) Melting point: 225.degree.-226.degree. C.(d) Specific rotation: [.alpha.].sub.D .sup.20 =+123.5.degree. (c=0.2 in chloroform).(e) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum:.lambda..sub.max .sup.methanol =235 nm (.epsilon.=28600); 262 nm (.epsilon.=21900); 434-435 nm (.epsilon.=11300);.lambda..sub.max .sup.0.1-N NaOH/methanol =246 nm (.epsilon.=22400); 256 nm (.epsilon.=23200); 523-524 nm (.epsilon.=9600).(f) Infrared absorption spectrum: 3500, 1710, 1672, 1628, 1600, 1575, 1472, 1452, 1420, 1390, 1295, 1255, 1218, 1200, 1182, 1105, 1025, 1005, 962, 938, 848, 765, 752, 730 cm.sup.-1.

Abstract: A fermentation process for the preparation of 7.alpha.-hydroxylated steroids utilizing strains of the genus Mucor is disclosed. The 7.alpha.-hydroxylated steroids are useful intermediates for the synthesis of chenodeoxycholic acid as well as steroidal hormones.

Abstract: A novel antibiotic having the ascribed formula ##STR1## is provided. The physical characteristics are as follows: (a) Elementary analysis: Calculated (for C.sub.20 H.sub.16 O.sub.7): C, 65.22; H, 4.35%. Found: C, 64.60; H, 4.34%.(b) Molecular weight (mass-spectrometric): 368.(c) Melting point: 225.degree.-226.degree. C.(d) Specific rotation: [.alpha.].sub.D.sup.20 =+123.5.degree. (c=0.2 in chloroform).(e) Ultraviolet absorption spectrum:.lambda..sub.max.sup.methanol =235 nm (.epsilon.=28600); 262 nm (.epsilon.=21900); 434-435 nm (.epsilon.=11300);.lambda..sub.max.sup.0.1-N NaOH/methanol =246 nm (.epsilon.=22400); 256 nm (.epsilon.=23200); 523-524 nm (.epsilon.=9600).(f) Infrared absorption spectrum: 3500, 1710, 1672, 1628, 1600, 1575, 1472, 1452, 1420, 1390, 1295, 1255, 1218, 1200, 1182, 1105, 1025, 1005, 962, 938, 848, 765, 752, 730 cm.sup.-1.