Abstract: An engine is provided with a turbo charger including a wastegate valve. A first setpoint of opening of the wastegate valve is set in accordance with a target boost pressure. While a difference between the target boost pressure and a real boost pressure is large, the opening is controlled to a second setpoint, wherein the second setpoint is smaller than the first setpoint. While the opening is controlled to the second setpoint, it is determined whether a condition for limitation is satisfied in which an intake air quantity is above an intake air quantity criterion and an engine rotation speed is above an engine rotation speed criterion. When the condition is satisfied, the opening is controlled in a direction to increase from the second setpoint. The engine rotation speed criterion decreases as the intake air quantity increases. The intake air quantity criterion decreases as the engine rotation speed increases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a nucleoside derivative represented by formula (2), comprising the step of reducing a nucleoside of formula (1) in the presence of a noble metal catalyst comprising a carrier and a noble metal supported thereby, selected from the group consisting of (A) a homogeneously supported catalyst where the specific surface area of the noble metal is 95.0 m2/g or more and the particle size of the noble metal is 4.3 nm or less, and (B) a surface-loaded catalyst where the specific surface area of the noble metal is 56.0 m2/g or more and the particle size of the noble metal is 8.0 nm or less, wherein R1 is hydrogen or a protective group, R2 is NH2 or OH, R3 is an acyl group, and X is a chlorine or bromine atom. According to the present invention, the yield can be made equal even when the amount of catalyst is smaller than that used for the conventional products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a nucleoside derivative represented by formula (2), comprising the step of reducing a nucleoside of formula (1) in the presence of a noble metal catalyst comprising a carrier and a noble metal supported thereby, selected from the group consisting of (A) a homogeneously supported catalyst where the specific surface area of the noble metal is 95.0 m2/g or more and the particle size of the noble metal is 4.3 nm or less, and (B) a surface-loaded catalyst where the specific surface area of the noble metal is 56.0 m2/g or more and the particle size of the noble metal is 8.0 nm or less, wherein R1 is hydrogen or a protective group, R2 is NH2 or OH, R3 is an acyl group, and X is a chlorine or bromine atom. According to the present invention, the yield can be made equal even when the amount of catalyst is smaller than that used for the conventional products.

Abstract: Specified phenylalanine derivatives and analogues thereof have an antagonistic activity to ?4 integrin. They are used as therapeutic agents for various diseases concerning ?4 integrin.

Abstract: Specified phenylalanine derivatives and analogues thereof have an antagonistic activity to ?4 integrin. They are used as therapeutic agents for various diseases concerning ?4 integrin.

Abstract: Specified phenylalanine derivatives and analogues thereof have an antagonistic activity to ? 4 integrin. They are used as therapeutic agents for various diseases concerning ? 4 integrin.

Abstract: Phenylalanine derivatives of the following formula and analogues thereof have an antagonistic activity to &agr;4&bgr;7 integrin and a selectivity toward &agr;4&bgr;1 integrin. They are used as therapeutic agents for various diseases to which &agr;4&bgr;7 integrin relates.

Abstract: Specified phenylalanine derivatives and analogues thereof have an antagonistic activity to &agr; 4 integrin. They are used as therapeutic agents for various diseases concerning &agr; 4 integrin.

Abstract: Phenylalanine derivatives of the following formula and analogues thereof have an antagonistic activity to &agr;4&bgr;7 integrin and a selectivity toward &agr;4&bgr;1 integrin. They are used as therapeutic agents for various diseases to which &agr;4&bgr;7 integrin relates.