Abstract: A light emitting device has a light emitting element and an adhesion layer to bond the light emitting element to a mounting member. The adhesion layer is of inorganic material particles and a transparent inorganic binding layer to be formed between the neighboring inorganic material particles, and the inorganic material particles are substantially connected with each other in the adhesion layer. Another light emitting device has a light emitting element and a phosphor layer that radiates fluorescent light while being excited by light emitted from the light emitting element. The phosphor layer is of phosphor particles and transparent inorganic binding layer to be formed between the neighboring phosphor particles.

Abstract: A content using system is composed of a content importing apparatus and at least one content using apparatus. The content importing apparatus includes a content ID generating unit that generates a content ID, and a content key information encryption converting unit that converts the encryption of content key information by using an encryption key (“network key”) that is shared in advance on the network. The content using apparatus includes a content key information decrypting unit that decrypts the content key information, whose encryption has been converted, by using the network key, a moved content list storing unit for storing a moved content list (MCL) in which the content IDs of contents that have been written onto a storage medium are written, and a moved content list managing unit that judges whether the writing of a content is permitted or prohibited based on the MCL.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solid element device, which comprises providing a glass-containing Al2O3 substrate (3) having a GaN based LED element (2) placed thereon, setting a P2O5—ZnO based low melting point glass in parallel with the substrate, and carrying out a press working at a temperature of 415° C. or higher under a pressure of 60 kgf in a nitrogen atmosphere. Under these conditions, the low melting point glass has a viscosity of 109 poise, and is adhered via an oxide formed on the surface of the glass-containing Al2O3 substrate (3). A solid element device manufactured by the above method can be manufactured through a glass sealing working at a low temperature and also has a highly reliable sealing structure.

Abstract: An LED package has a light emitting element, a first optical section that is disposed around the light emitting element, and a second optical section that is disposed around the first optical while being separated from the first optical section. A gap is formed between the first and second optical sections. The gap allows part of light emitted from the light emitting element to be radiated from the first optical section as nearly parallel light converged in the direction perpendicular to the center axis of the light emitting element. The second optical section includes a reflection surface to reflect the nearly parallel light in the direction parallel to the center axis of the light emitting element.

Abstract: A right management server manages usage of a content on a parent terminal and a child terminal. The right management server includes content usage right database that stores right information indicating a usage rule of a content for each terminal ID or user ID, and a parental control information management unit that acquires, from the parent terminal or the parent user, parental control information that is an instruction to put a restriction on usage of a content on the child terminal or by a child user, and stores the parental control information in a parental control information database.

Abstract: A distribution server 103 distributes a content via a network, and a KIOSK terminal 105 receives the content via the network and records the content in an SD memory card 100. A customer device 111 receives a content via the SD memory card 100, checks out the content and records a copy on a recording medium. SD-Audio players 122 to 124 receive a copy of the content and play back the copy. Here, the KIOSK terminal 105 records a Usage Rule that certifies the right to control recording of content on the SD memory card 100. Move Control Information showing the number of times that moving of rights is permitted is set in the Usage Rule.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a friction material composition comprising a fibrous material except for asbestos, an inorganic friction regulating agent, an organic friction regulating agent and a binder, wherein active alumina is contained as the inorganic friction regulating agent, and a fluorine series polymer is contained as the organic friction regulating agent, and to provide a friction material using the friction material composition.

Abstract: An insulation film 150 made of SiO2 is formed on a p-type layer 106, and a multiple thick film positive electrode 120, which is a metal film formed through metal deposition, is formed on the insulation film 150 and on the p-type layer 106 at the central portion of which has a window and is exposed. The insulation film 150 has a thickness of one fourth multiple of emission wavelength. Thickness of the insulation film 150 is generally determined by multiplying one fourth of intramedium emission wavelength by an odd number. By interference effect, directivity of radiated light along the optical axis direction can be improved.

Abstract: A light emitting diode has: a ceramics substrate that has a high thermal conductivity; a light emitting element that is mounted on the ceramics substrate; and a radiation plate that is bonded to the back surface of the ceramics substrate. The radiation plate contacts the ceramics substrate at a contact region that includes a region of the back surface of the ceramics substrate corresponding to a region of the ceramics substrate on which the light emitting element is mounted.

Abstract: A data recording and reproduction apparatus is provided with a stream attribute decision means for deciding whether an audio data stream supplied from an outside source is compressed or not. A compression ID flag having a value according to the result of the compression decision is attached to the audio data stream, and the flag-attached audio data stream is written in a stream storage unit. Therefore, a watermark can be inserted in a compressed audio data stream after reading the compressed audio data stream from the stream storage unit, whereby the time required for writing the compressed audio data stream in the stream storage unit is reduced, and the quality of analog audio data obtained by reproducing the compressed audio data stream is prevented from being degraded.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mutual rating system in which objects, such as users, content, and terminal devices, on the network can be rated and ratings for the objects can be checked without using a server. In the rating system, objects (users, content, terminal devices, etc.) associated with a network (3) are rated. The mutual rating system is connected to the network (3), and includes: a plurality of third party terminals (1(#3)) having stored therein rating information related to objects previously rated by the user; and content demanding terminal devices (1(#1)) for collecting rating information related to desired objects from all online rating information stoning terminal devices. Each content demanding terminal device (I(# I )) analyzes rating information collected from the third party terminal devices (1(#3)) to obtain a rating for a desired object.

Abstract: An insulation film 150 made of SiO2 is formed on a p-layer 106, and a multiple thick film positive electrode 120, which is a metal film formed through metal deposition, is formed on the insulation film 150 and on the p-type layer 106 at the central portion of which has a window and is exposed. The insulation film 150 has a thickness of one fourth multiple of emission wavelength. Thickness of the insulation film 150 is generally determined by multiplying one fourth of intramedium emission wavelength by an odd number. By interference effect, directivity of radiated light along the optical axis direction can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rights management terminal that can securely send and receive usage information while preventing spoofing and protecting user's privacy.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a unit-to-unit data exchange system in which an unfair exchange is prevented without increasing the communications cost or the load on the server. A unit (11a) exchanges data with a unit (11b). An exchange completion data keeping device (21) keeps exchange completion data that is necessary for each unit to reproduce the obtained data after the data exchange is completed. The exchange completion data keeping device transmits the exchange completion data obtained from the unit (11b) to the unit (11a) and transmits the exchange completion data obtained from the unit (11a) to the unit (11b) only when both of the unit (11a) and the unit (11b) have successfully received data of interest.

Abstract: A recording medium which allows consumers to access and purchase content while protecting the copyright of the content. The recording medium includes a secure data area and a non-secure data area. The secure data area is accessible by an apparatus whose authenticity is verified, and the non-secure area is accessible by the apparatus regardless of such verification. The secure data area stores a first content key. The non-secure data area stores first data and second data which can be decrypted. The first data includes a first encrypted content which is generated by encrypting a first content with the first content key, and the second data includes a second encrypted content which is generated by encrypting a second content with a second content key, where the first and second contents are related to each other.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory card which allows consumers to access and purchase content while protecting the copyright of the content. The memory card has a unique media ID assigned thereto and includes a secure data area and a non-secure data area. The secure are is accessible by an apparatus whose authenticity is verified, and the non-secure area is accessible by the apparatus regardless of such verification. The secure area stores a first encrypted content which is generated by encrypting a first content key by using the media ID, and the non-secure data area stores trial data and purchase data which can be decrypted. The trial data includes a first content which is encrypted by using the first content key, and the purchase data includes a second content which is encrypted by using a second content key. The purchase data can be decrypted when fee processing is performed.

Abstract: A data copying system of the present invention includes a data copying apparatus for copying data recorded on a first recording medium to a second recording medium. The data copying apparatus includes: a data read section for reading out the data from the first recording medium; a data modification control section for controlling modification of the data in accordance with modification control information, the modification control information being provided for controlling the modification of the data; and a data write section for writing an output of the data modification control section to the second recording medium. The modification control information includes a copying permission flag indicating whether the copying of the data permitted, a quality control flag for controlling a quality of modified data which is obtained by modifying the data, and a billing control flag for controlling billing for the copying of the data.

Abstract: A CD on which only music information specified by the CD-DA is recorded, or a CD on which both music information specified by the CD-DA and music information to be recorded on a CD-ROM are recorded is mounted upon an information processing terminal (10). When the CD on which only music information specified by the CD-DA is recorded is mounted, the information processing terminal (10) acquires, from a directory server (20), an ISRC number that identifies the music information recorded on the CD, and distribution server location information that identifies a content distribution server. The information processing terminal (10) acquires content that is the music information compressed according to the MP3 and encrypted, from the content distribution server identified by the acquired distribution server location information, and the decryption key. The information processing terminal then decrypts the acquired content using the acquired decryption key and reproduces music.

Abstract: There are disclosed a friction material composition which comprises a fibrous material except for asbestos, an inorganic friction regulator, an organic friction regulator and a binder, part of the inorganic friction regulator is &agr; alumina and &ggr; alumina in combination, a weight ratio of the &agr; alumina and the &ggr; alumina, &agr; alumina:&ggr; alumina, is in the range of 1:20 to 1:5, and part or whole part of the binder is a silicon-containing phenol resin, and a friction material obtained by molding the friction material composition under heating and pressure.

Abstract: A content using apparatus (103) for providing content use to a user under a license that grants the content use includes: a content using unit (202) for providing the content use to the user; a content use control unit (212) for controlling the content use on the content using unit (202) under the license; a value information storage unit (213) for obtaining and storing a value information tag block (504) indicating a discount amount (605) indicating a benefit for the user, a value information giving condition (603) for allowing the user to use the discount by the discount amount (605) depending on the content use and a discount ticket applicable condition (604); and a value information using unit (214) for judging whether the value information giving condition (603) and the discount ticket applicable condition (604) are satisfied or not and allowing the user to use the discount amount (605) if the conditions are satisfied.