Abstract: A method of forming fixed images includes charging a photoconductor; exposing the photoconductor to light; developing an electrostatic latent image, such that a toner is applied to the electrostatic latent image formed on a transfer film moving in partially close contact with the photoconductor to form a visible image; transferring the formed visible image onto a recording medium such as a recording paper; and fixing the transferred visible image onto the recording medium. The toner is an encapsulated toner, the photoconductor is a heat-resistant photoconductor, and the transfer process and the fixing process are simultaneously carried out on the surface of the heat-resistant photoconductor covered with the transfer film onto the preheated recording medium.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a developing method of a magnetic encapsulated toner, which can be fixed even at a nip pressure of 0.01 to 0.1 kg/cm without a supply of silicone oil onto a surface of a heat roller, using a toner projection developing device. The fixing in the present invention is carried out at a temperature of not more than 120.degree. C. and at a nip pressure of 0.01 to 4 kg/cm. By using these methods, the miniaturization of the overall apparatus can be achieved.

Abstract: A method of forming fixed images comprising charging a photoconductor, exposing the photoconductor to light, developing a latent electrostatic image whereby a toner is applied to the latent electrostatic image formed on the photoconductor to form a visible image, transferring the formed visible image to a recording medium, and fixing the transferred visible image onto the recording medium, wherein the fixing process comprises preheating the toner transferred onto the recording medium using an endless heating film, and pressure fixing the toner.

Abstract: A method of forming fixed images includes charging a photoconductor; exposing the photoconductor to light; applying a thermally dissociating encapsulated toner, or an encapsulated toner whose shell is made of amorphous polyester to an electrostatic latent image formed on the photoconductor, developing the electrostatic latent image to form a visible image; transferring the formed visible image to a recording medium having a softening point of 100.degree. C. to 200.degree. C.; and fixing the transferred visible image onto the recording medium at a temperature of not less than 80.degree. C. and not more than 120.degree. C. by using a fixing roller which exerts a nip pressure of from 0.1 to 4.0 kg/cm.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an encapsulated toner for heat-and-pressure fixing, which has a heat-fusible core material containing at least a coloring agent and a shell formed thereon so as to cover the surface of the core material. The core material includes a thermoplastic resin as its main components produced by a polymerization reaction, at the time of encapsulation, of 0.05 to 20 parts by weight of the (A) .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenic copolymerizable monomer having an acid anhydride group and 99.95 to 80 parts by weight of the (B) other .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenic copolymerizable monomer. Alternatively, the core material contains a copolymer having one or more acid anhydride groups added as one component of the core material resin-constituting material at the time of encapsulation.

Abstract: A method of forming fixed images including uniformly charging a photoconductor selectively exposing the photoconductor to light, developing an electrostatic latent image whereby a toner is applied to the electrostatic latent image formed on the photoconductor to form a visible image, transferring the formed visible image to a recording medium, and fixing the transferred visible image onto the recording medium, in which the toner is a thermally dissociating encapsulated toner, the photoconductor is a heat-resistant photoconductive film belt, and the transferring process and the fixing process are simultaneously carried out on the heat-resistant photoconductive film belt at a temperature of from 40.degree. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: A powder ink having in the structure a heat-fusible core comprising a thermo-melting substance and a coloring matter and a shell covering the core surface and comprising a resin product obtained by reacting:(1) 0 to 30 mole % of a monovalent isocyanate compound and/or a monovalent isothiocyanate compound and(2) 100 to 70 mole % of at least divalent isocyanate and/or at least divalent isothiocyanate compound with(3) 0 to 30 mole % of a compound having an active hydrogen atom to react with the isocyanate and isothiocyanate groups of (1) ana (2) and(4) 100 to 70 mole % of a compound having at least two active hydrogen atoms to react with the isocyanate and isothiocyanate groups of (1) and (2); at a molar ratio of (1) and (2) to (3) and (4) in the range between 1:1 and 1:2. At least 30 percent of all the linkages involved in the isocyanates and the isothiocyanates in the resin product are thermally linkages.

Abstract: An encapsulated toner for heat-and-pressure fixing having excellent offset resistance and blocking resistance, being fixed at a low fixing temperature and being regulated with the charging properties thereof from the inside of the encapsulated toner to stably and repeatedly form a scum-free, clear image many times, comprised of a heat-fusible core containing at least a coloring material, a binder and an electric charge control agent selected from the group consisting of a positive electric charge control agent, a negative electric charge control agent and a mixture thereof at a weight ratio of one to the other ranging from 1:0 (exclusive) to 1:0.

Abstract: A capsulated toner for heat pressure fixation comprising a heat-meltable core material and an outer shell, said core material containing a colorant and a thermoplastic resin as a major constituent, produced by copolymerizing (A) an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically copolymerizable monomer having an amino group and (B) .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically copolymerizable monomer other than (A), said outer shell being provided so as to cover the surface of the core material. When the capsulated toner of the present invention is used, the dependency of the amount of electrification upon the environment is small because the electrification can be regulated from within the capsulated toner. Further, because the offset resistance in a heat pressure fixation system, such as a heat roller, is excellent, the fixation can be conducted at a low temperature. Further, the blocking resistance is so good that a clear image, free from fogging, can be stably formed over a plurality of uses.

Abstract: An encapsulated toner for heat-and-pressure fixing which is composed of a heat-fusible core containing at least a coloring material and a shell formed so as to cover the surface of the core, wherein the main component of the shell is a resin prepared by reacting an iso(thio)cyanate compound comprising(1) 0 to 30 mole % of monovalent isocyanate and/or isothiocyanate compounds and(2) 100 to 70 mole % of at least divalent isocyanate and/or isothiocyanate compounds with an active hydrogen compound comprising(3) 0 to 30 mole % of a compound having one active hydrogen atom reactive with isocyanate and/or isothiocyanate groups and(4) 100 to 70 mole % of a compound having at least two active hydrogen atoms reactive with isocyanate and/or isothiocyanate groupsat a molar ratio of the components (1) and (2) to the components (3) and (4) of between 1:1 and 1:20, and wherein at least 30% of the whole linkages in which an isocyanate or isothiocyanate group participates are thermally dissociating linkages.