Abstract: An image-forming apparatus capable of changing the size of the image formed on an electronic photosensitive medium is disclosed. The image-forming apparatus is provided with an auxiliary projection optical system in addition to a main projection optical system which is able to project an image on the photosensitive medium with variable magnification. The auxiliary projection optical system is provided to illuminate exclusively the non-image forming area of the photosensitive medium. The size of the image of the light source of the auxiliary projection optical system formed on the photosensitive medium is controllable as desired.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus comprises a detector which includes an image reading section of a digital copier and which chases outline information of an image pattern in a predetermined direction and thereby extracts outline points; an arithmetic operating circuit to respectively obtain outline tangential directions on the basis of the outline points; an extracting circuit to select a predetermined number of extraction points from the outline points; a coding circuit to sequentially obtain direction differences in the outline tangential directions on the basis of the extraction points and to code the direction differences; and a recognizing circuit to perform a non-linear matching between a code sequence coded by the coding circuit and a reference code sequence, thereby recognizing the image pattern. The coding circuit calculates the outline tangential directions using predetermined direction codes.

Abstract: A projection apparatus comprises a light source, a light scanning optical system including an electro-mechanical transducer element having at least one mirror row comprising a plurality of movable mirrors capable of deflecting the light beam from the light source in at least two directions and arranged in a direction corresponding to the main scan direction, a driving device for putting out a signal for driving the movable mirrors, the movable mirrors deflecting the light beam in response to the signal, and a light-receiving member by which the light applied from the light scanning optical system is subsidiary-scanned, at least one of the shape and arrangement of the mirrors and the subsidiary scan pitch being set so that light dots adjacent to each other in at least one of the main scan direction and the subsidiary scan direction in the pattern of light dots formed on the light-receiving member by the deflected light from the movable mirrors of the mirror row overlap each other to a sufficient degree to obta

Abstract: A color image reading apparatus with a plurality of line sensors and an associated plurality of rotary color filter disks produces a plurality of sequential color component signals from each line sensor. An amplifier with an adjustable gain is provided for each of the line sensors. A white balance operation is performed prior to reading a color document by determining gains for each of the amplifiers to use in amplifying corresponding ones of the sequential color component signals on the basis of a plurality of reference color component signals generated by reading a white reference plate with the line sensors. The determined gains are stored in a memory as digital data. The data is read out and used to control the gains of the amplifiers while a color document is being read. Color balance correction switch units enable an operator to selectively modify the determined gains in order to adjust the color balance of the color component signals.

Abstract: In an imaging optical system, the angular aperture of distributed index optical elements which are optical elements forming the imaging optical system is 9.degree. or greater and the degree of superposition M of images on a light-receiving surface is M=2.75+0.5x. The degree of superposition M of images is represented by M=X.sub.0 /D, where D is the effective diameter of the optical elements and X.sub.0 is the field radius thereof. Also, x is 0 or a greater integer.

Abstract: A copy board apparatus for copying information on a web-like writing board supported by rollers with an electrophotographic copier disposed adjacent one longitudinal end of the writing board. The apparatus has a first optical system for optically connecting the writing board and a photosensitive member of the copier, a second optical system for optically connecting an original on the copier and the photosensitive member, and change-over circuitry which permits switching between the two optical systems.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus has illuminating means for illuminating an original, scanning means for scanning the original, imaging means for imaging the reflected light or the transmitted light from the original on a light-receiving member, the imaging means having at least one variable refractive power element, control means for varying the refractive power of the variable refractive power element, and driving means for moving the light-receiving member in synchronism with the scanning of the original.

Abstract: An image exposing apparatus comprises a focusing optical system for focusing an image onto a photosensitive member and having a one-line array of a plurality of focusing light transmission media, and light intensity distribution correction means arranged in a light path for forming the image for eliminating an ununiformity of light intensity on the photosensitive member due to the focusing optical system.

Abstract: In collimating the light beam from a light source by the use of a refractive index distribution type lens the refractive index of which on the optic axis is n.sub.0 and the refractive index n(r) of which at a position spaced by r from the optic axis is represented byn.sup.2 (r)=n.sub.0 .sup.2 {1-(gr).sup.2 +h.sub.4 (gr).sup.4 +h.sub.6 (gr).sup.6 +h.sub.8 (gr).sup.8 + . . . }where g, h.sub.4, h.sub.6, h.sub.8, . . . are constants, instead of the terms h.sub.8 (gr).sup.8 and thereafter being controlled, the light beam in the marginal portion of the refractive index distribution type lens is blocked to thereby minimize aberrations.

Abstract: A slit exposure projection device having a projection optical system and/or an aperture stop designed such that the pupil of the projection optical system in the longitudinal direction of the slit is large relative to the pupil in the lateral direction of the slit.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying apparatus includes a light receiving element disposed to receive beams of light from the central and lateral end portions of an original to be copied through a lens, the output signal of the light receiving element being used to control a copy image with respect to its darkness.

Abstract: A projecting device for projecting an image of the surface of a body on a light receiving surface, in which optical element blocks are provided symmetrically with respect to a stop, of which the diameter of aperture is always constant in varying the magnification. The device includes a projecting optical system to change the focal length by symmetrically moving with respect to the stop at least a part or the whole of the optical element blocks, and means for restricting the field of the surface of a body, disposed between said projecting optical system and the surface of the body. The exposure amount on the light receiving surface is maintained substantially constant in varying the magnification by making the change of the focussing magnification of the projecting optical system to mainly correspond with the change of refractive power of the optical element blocks which are disposed on both sides of said stop.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system includes two movable groups of the so-called symmetric orthometer type each of which includes a positive power lens, a negative power lens and a meniscus positive lens that are in sequence disposed symmetrically with respect to a diaphragm, said optical system further including negative lenses mounted outside said movable groups symmetrically with respect to said diaphragm to form a fixed group, said movable groups being moved along the optical axis relative to said fixed group in symmetrical fashion with respect to said diaphragm to vary the focal length of said optical system, the entire optical system being moved as one body to bring the object and image planes into a position that they are optically conjugate with each other.

Abstract: A printer head comprising a light source device, and an optical modulator element for switching the light projected from the light source device, a device for splitting the light projected from the light source device into two polarized light components to form respectively a first light path and a second light path, a device for converting the polarized light of the second light path into light having the same polarization as the light component of the first light path, and a device for directing light of the first light path and/or the second light path to the optical modulator element.

Abstract: A device for slit-scanning the surface of an original and projecting the image of the surface of the original onto a light-receiving medium comprises an imaging optical system for forming the image of the surface of the original on the light-receiving medium. The imaging optical system has means which, in a first condition, has equal imaging magnifications in orthogonal directions, i.e., the widthwise direction of the slit and the lengthwise direction of the slit and is for keeping the surface of the original and the light-receiving medium in an optically conjugate relation and which, in a second condition, has different imaging magnifications in orthogonal directions, i.e., the widthwise direction of the slit and the lengthwise direction of the slit and is for keeping the surface of the original and the light-receiving medium in an optically conjugate relation in both of the directions.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical apparatus in which an image of an original can be formed on a photosensitive surface at selectively different magnifications. The amount of movement of a lens for changing the imaging magnification is corrected in accordance with the difference between the actual value and the nominal value of the focal length of the lens, namely, the error of the focal length of the lens.

Abstract: A copying apparatus capable of varying the imaging magnification of the image of an original projected upon a photosensitive medium has an imaging optical system for forming the image of the orignal on the photosensitive medium, and a member for supporting the imaging optical system. The imaging optical system is provided with a plurality of optical elements. At least one magnification changing optical element of the optical elements is capable of changing its position relative to the other optical elements to vary the focal length of the imaging optical system. The member for supporting the imaging optical system includes a first device capable of moving at least one of the magnification changing optical elements by a minute amount in the direction of the optical axis, and a second device for moving the magnification changing optical elements by a predetermined amount to vary the focal length of the imaging optical system.

Abstract: A projection device for projecting a first surface onto a second surface comprises a device for forming an image of the first surface on the second surface, a slit provided near the image forming device for making the quantity of light of the light beam on the second surface equal in each portion of the image, a device for moving the image forming device to vary the imaging magnification of the image of the first surface on the second surface, and a device for moving the slit, with movement of the image forming device, to a distance substantially equal to the distance by which the slit has been spaced apart from the image forming device before the image forming device is moved.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical apparatus for projecting an image at a first plane onto a second plane includes an optical system for forming an image of the first plane on the second plane, a first mirror disposed between the image-forming optical system and the first plane and a second mirror disposed between the image-forming optical system and the second plane. When the magnification is changed, the first mirror is rotated by a determined angle of .theta. and the second mirror is moved in a determined direction while rotating also by the same angle .theta.. The image-forming optical system is moved in the direction along its optical axis and is rotated by an angle two times larger than the rotation angle .theta. of the first mirror at the same time.

Abstract: An original reader for image formation is disclosed. The original reader receives the reflected light from an original placed on a transparent original table and illuminated through the original table. According to the invention, the original table is provided with a light diffusive member. When an original of high regular reflectance is to be read, the original is placed on the original table through the light diffusive member so that the reader can read the original of high regular reflectance such as characters, figures etc. written on a mirror surface, an aluminum plate or the like.