Abstract: In order to facilitate generation of teacher data and to detect position coordinates with high reliability, there is provided a localization apparatus including: a deep learning model trained by using training image data in which position coordinates desired to be detected are specified and teacher image data in which a pixel group representing a shape independent of a subject of the training image data is arranged at a position relative to the position coordinates desired to be detected; a position coordinate calculation unit calculating position coordinates by using inference image data output from the deep learning model, and a reliability calculation unit calculating reliability by using global information of the pixel group of the inference image data output from the deep learning model.

Abstract: A pipe joint has a tubular retainer for inserting pipes to be coupled therein, a joint body fitted over the retainer and having a socket holder, and a tubular socket movably disposed around the socket holder. When connecting the pipes to each other, the pipes are inserted into the retainer and positioned therein, the joint body is fitted over the retainer, and the socket holder is brought over the socket holder until the socket is held against a positioning member on the socket holder. A spring in a positioning groove in the socket holder is resiliently displaced radially outwardly partly into a smaller-diameter recess in the socket while partly remaining in the positioning groove, whereupon the socket is retained on the joint body against removal.