Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophoretic mobility measuring apparatus capable of conducting measurement with high sensitivity with optical attenuation reduced by incidence of light through the electrode face. This apparatus comprises a transparent electrode 63 forming a part of a cell wall of a cell 6 capable of confining a sample, and the other electrode 62 opposite to the transparent electrode 63. A voltage is applied across these electrodes 62, 63, and light is incident upon the inside of the cell 6 through the transparent electrode 63. The scattering light which scatters from a sample S at a predetermined angle ? with respect to the incident angle, is received through the transparent electrode 63. The Doppler displacement is then measured based on the difference in frequency between the incident light and the outgoing light.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophoretic mobility measuring apparatus capable of conducting measurement with high sensitivity with optical attenuation reduced by incidence of light through the electrode face. This apparatus comprises a transparent electrode 63 forming a part of a cell wall of a cell 6 capable of confining a sample, and the other electrode 62 opposite to the transparent electrode 63. A voltage is applied across these electrodes 62, 63, and light is incident upon the inside of the cell 6 through the transparent electrode 63. The scattering light which scatters from a sample S at a predetermined angle &thgr; with respect to the incident angle, is received through the transparent electrode 63. The Doppler displacement is then measured based on the difference in frequency between the incident light and the outgoing light.

Abstract: An optical waveguide having a detour is disposed at either or both of the light-receiving and light-emitting ends of a dispersion optical system in a spectroscope. Even though light being propagated through the optical waveguide has specified polarizing characteristics, the light is depolarized by passing through the optical waveguide and many times reflecting therein. Accordingly, unpolarized light not affected by the polarization selectivity of the dispersion optical system or the like can be emitted from the spectroscope.

Abstract: A cutting method comprising using a main body in the form of a circular disk and a hard layer provided on one surface of the main body and having a thickness of 0.02 to 0.2 mm. The hard layer is made of cemented carbides, TiC TaC, Cr.sub.2 C.sub.3, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or the like, while the main body is made of a material, such as steel, non-ferrous metal or plastics, which is lower than the hard layer in abrasion resistance. The hard layer is formed along its outer periphery with a cutting edge which is self-sharpened when chipped.

Abstract: First and second elongated support members for supporting a circuit board and for transporting the circuit board in one direction parallel to the lengthwise direction of the support members are provided on a frame, and a blade member is rotatably supported on the frame for rotation about its own axis in a plane parallel to the plane of the circuit board. While the circuit board is being transported with opposed edges of the circuit board guided along the support member, the blade member trims excessive length from wires extending from the circuit board.