Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing a superhydrophobic membrane or surface coating of a substrate from an aqueous phase comprising the following steps: a) Preparing an aqueous dispersion by dispersing particles of hydrophobic polymer(s) in an aqueous solution of protic polymer(s), wherein the protic polymer(s) and the hydrophobic polymer(s) are present in a weight ratio of protic polymer(s):hydrophobic polymer(s) in a range of 5:95 to 22:78, b) electrospinning the dispersion of step a) onto a carrier for producing the membrane or onto the surface for producing the surface coating thereby producing at least one fiber and a nonwoven fabric from the fiber, c) subjecting the nonwoven fabric to a sol-gel process, wherein a precursor/precursors of the sol-gel comprise(s) an alkoxysilane, and d) curing the nonwoven fabric obtained by step c) at a temperature in a range of 50° C. to 150° C.

Abstract: A liquid resin composition containing (A) fluorine-containing polymer, (B) curable compound, (C) metal oxide particles having a number average particle size of 100 nm or less and (D) a solvent. When the composition is cured, the metal oxide particles (C) are distributed unevenly, the refractive index changes in the thickness direction by 0.05 to 0.8, so that there can be produced a cured film having a bilayer structure substantially consisting of a low-refractivity layer and a high-refractivity layer.