Abstract: In a substrate carrying optical devices housed in a case, there are formed positioning parts for defining the positions of optical axes of the optical devices. Flexible optical waveguides are provided which are fixedly held at one end in the positioning parts and connected at the other end to an optical connector ferrule mounted in the case, and deviations from proper alignment between the optical axes of the optical devices and the axes of optical fiber receiving holes of the optical connector ferrule are accommodated by deformation of the flexible optical waveguides.

Abstract: Fine particles (23) are oriented and dispersed in a polymer medium to obtain a composite material (24), which is high-density compression molded to such a size that a photonic band gap develops, thereby obtaining a photonic crystal element (26). The orientation of the fine particles (23) in the polymer medium can be carried out on a scale (tens of micrometers to several millimeters) where required manipulations can be done with ease.

Abstract: There are provided an optical waveguide device in which a plurality of PLC type optical waveguide chips are optically coupled to one another at high accuracy by passive alignment, and a method of manufacturing the device. A plurality of optical waveguide chips are formed by cutting an optical waveguide device comprising an optical waveguide substrate having an optical waveguide of a predetermined pattern formed thereon and guide grooves formed on both sides of the optical waveguide on the optical waveguide substrate in the longitudinal direction thereof, in the direction of traversing the optical waveguide substrate at substantially right angle thereto and passing through an intersection of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: There are provided an optical waveguide device in which a plurality of PLC type optical waveguide chips are optically coupled to one another at high accuracy by passive alignment, and a method of manufacturing the device. A plurality of optical waveguide chips are formed by cutting an optical waveguide device comprising an optical waveguide substrate having an optical waveguide of a predetermined pattern formed thereon and guide grooves formed on both sides of the optical waveguide on the optical waveguide substrate in the longitudinal direction thereof, in the direction of traversing the optical waveguide substrate at substantially right angle thereto and passing through an intersection of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: In a substrate carrying optical devices housed in a case, there are formed positioning parts for defining the positions of optical axes of the optical devices. Flexible optical waveguides are provided which are fixedly held at one end in the positioning parts and connected at the other end to an optical connector ferrule mounted in the case, and deviations from proper alignment between the optical axes of the optical devices and the axes of optical fiber receiving holes of the optical connector ferrule are accommodated by deformation of the flexible optical waveguides.

Abstract: An optical coupling device in which there is interposed between plural optical elements, such as single-mode optical fibers or laser diodes, an anisotropic light guiding member formed by a periodic two- or three-dimensional arrangement of two or more kinds of dielectric materials of different dielectric constants to develop a photonic band gap to inhibit the propagation of light in directions except a particular one.

Abstract: The surface area of a rectangular semiconductor substrate (10), which is used a reference plane, is composed of three regions arranged side by side in its lengthwise direction. A first one of the regions has a concavity (13) formed leaving opposite marginal portions of the region as banks (14a,14b), aid solder-coated pads (17) and alignment marks (18) are formed by metal thin films on the top surfaces of the banks. In a second region an electrode (16) is formed adjacent the first region and a semiconductor optical element (PD4) is mounted on the electrode with an active layer (31) of the former facing downward. An under-clad layer (211), acore (22), a height adjustment layer (26) and an over-clad layer (212), which constitute an optical waveguide, are formed over the surface of a second substrate, and the over-clad layer overlying both marginal portions of the second substrate is removed to expose the height adjustment layer to form terraces (20a, 20b) corresponding to the banks.

Abstract: Fine particles (23) are oriented and dispersed in a polymer medium to obtain a composite material (24), which is high-density compression molded to such a size that a photonic band gap develops, thereby obtaining a photonic crystal element (26). The orientation of the fine particles (23) in the polymer medium can be carried out on a scale (tens of micrometers to several millimeters) where required manipulations can be done with ease.