Abstract: A light modulation element reproduces a light image in a specific color other than iridescence where white light is incident, without a layer that selectively transmits or reflects a specific wavelength band, and clearly reproduces a desired light image by reducing an influence of 0th-order diffracted light, and an information recording medium including the same. The light modulation element includes a factor element that reproduces a light image by modulating a phase of incident reproduction light, and has an uneven surface. A maximum diffraction efficiency Dmax in a wavelength band of between 380 nm and 780 nm in wavelength distribution of first-order diffracted light and of negative first-order diffracted light with respect to diffraction efficiency for the factor element has a local maximum value with a full width at half maximum FWHM of 200 nm or less in wavelength distribution with respect to diffraction efficiency having the maximum diffraction efficiency.

Abstract: A light modulation element reproduces a light image in a specific color other than iridescence where white light is incident, without a layer that selectively transmits or reflects a specific wavelength band, and clearly reproduces a desired light image by reducing an influence of 0th-order diffracted light, and an information recording medium including the same. The light modulation element includes a factor element that reproduces a light image by modulating a phase of incident reproduction light, and has an uneven surface. A maximum diffraction efficiency Dmax in a wavelength band of between 380 nm and 780 nm in wavelength distribution of first-order diffracted light and of negative first-order diffracted light with respect to diffraction efficiency for the factor element has a local maximum value with a full width at half maximum FWHM of 200 nm or less in wavelength distribution with respect to diffraction efficiency having the maximum diffraction efficiency.

Abstract: A light modulation element reproduces a light image in a specific color other than iridescence where white light is incident, without a layer that selectively transmits or reflects a specific wavelength band, and clearly reproduces a desired light image by reducing an influence of 0th-order diffracted light, and an information recording medium including the same. The light modulation element includes a factor element that reproduces a light image by modulating a phase of incident reproduction light, and has an uneven surface. A maximum diffraction efficiency Dmax in a wavelength band of between 380 nm and 780 nm in wavelength distribution of first-order diffracted light and of negative first-order diffracted light with respect to diffraction efficiency for the factor element has a local maximum value with a full width at half maximum FWHM of 200 nm or less in wavelength distribution with respect to diffraction efficiency having the maximum diffraction efficiency.

Abstract: A compound presented by the general formula (1), its racemic form, or their salt thereof: wherein in general formula (1), X represents an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, or carbon atom, R1 represents R1a—Y—R1b, wherein R1a and R1b independently represent a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic group, heterocyclic group, or a combination thereof, and Y represents an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, or carbon atom, R2 independently represents a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and R3 represents choline, ethanolamine, inositol, or serine.

Abstract: An optical member utilizing light from a point light source is enabled to visually perceive a reproduced optical image with a desired color. An optical modulation device includes an optical member having a light control part to reflect or absorb light in a predetermined wavelength and to pass through light in other than the predetermined wavelength in light in at least a visible light band, in accordance with a reproduction reference image for reproducing an original image, and a light transmissive part to pass through light in at least the visible light range including the predetermined wavelength.

Abstract: A light modulation element reproduces a light image in a specific color other than iridescence where white light is incident, without a layer that selectively transmits or reflects a specific wavelength band, and clearly reproduces a desired light image by reducing an influence of 0th-order diffracted light, and an information recording medium including the same. The light modulation element includes a factor element that reproduces a light image by modulating a phase of incident reproduction light, and has an uneven surface. A maximum diffraction efficiency Dmax in a wavelength band of between 380 nm and 780 nm in wavelength distribution of first-order diffracted light and of negative first-order diffracted light with respect to diffraction efficiency for the factor element has a local maximum value with a full width at half maximum FWHM of 200 nm or less in wavelength distribution with respect to diffraction efficiency having the maximum diffraction efficiency.

Abstract: A compound presented by the following Chemical Formula 1, a racemic form, or a salt thereof: wherein, X represents an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, or a carbon atom, R1 represents R1a—Y—R1b (wherein R1a and R1b each independently represent a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, or a combination thereof, and Y represents an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, or a carbon atom), R2 represents a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and R3 represents choline, ethanolamine, inositol, or serine.

Abstract: There is provided a luminescent medium which requires difficult analysis of light emitted from a luminescent material of the medium. A luminescent medium includes a substrate, and a luminescent material comprising a first luminescent material which, when irradiated with visible light, infrared light or ultraviolet light, emits first infrared light “a”, and a second luminescent material which, when irradiated with visible light, infrared light or ultraviolet light, emits second infrared light “b”. The first luminescent material is formed in a first planar area, and the second luminescent material is formed in a second planar area. The first planar area and the second planar area overlap each other, forming an overlapping planar area in which the luminescent materials each have a concentration gradation.

Abstract: To provide an authentication device and method for a security medium including a reflective volume hologram having a light source disposed on the front surface side of the reflective volume hologram so that light emitted therefrom is incident on the reflective volume hologram, a first observation device disposed in a pre-designed diffraction direction of the reflective volume hologram, and a second observation device disposed in a direction other than the pre-designed diffraction direction of the reflective volume hologram. Light including a pre-designed diffraction wavelength is emitted from the light source to be incident on the reflective volume hologram, and when the light amount observed in the first observation device is larger in the diffraction wavelength than in other wavelengths, and the light amount observed in the second observation device is smaller in the diffraction wavelength than in other wavelengths, it is determined that the reflective volume hologram is genuine.

Abstract: An optical member utilizing light from a point light source is enabled to visually perceive a reproduced optical image with a desired color. An optical modulation device includes an optical member having a light control part to reflect or absorb light in a predetermined wavelength and to pass through light in other than the predetermined wavelength in light in at least a visible light band, in accordance with a reproduction reference image for reproducing an original image, and a light transmissive part to pass through light in at least the visible light range including the predetermined wavelength.

Abstract: A display article includes a plurality of display areas. Display areas adjacent to each other differ in at least one of an average hue, an average brightness and an average chroma and a first object to be displayed is formed by a combination of the plurality of display areas. At least one of the display areas includes a Fourier transform hologram configured to convert incident ray from a point light source or a laser light source into a second object to be displayed.

Abstract: To provide a relief structure having a simple structure, capable of being manufactured with ease and at low cost, and capable of improving visibility, and a security medium having the relief structure. A relief structure includes a grating structure part having a grating formed at a predetermined angle. The grating structure part includes a scattering structure part having a light scattering property.

Abstract: A display article (10) includes a plurality of display areas (12, and 13a to 13c). Display areas adjacent to each other differ in at least one of an average hue, an average brightness and an average chroma and a first object to be displayed (21) is formed by a combination of the plurality of display areas (12, and 13a to 13c). At least one of the display areas (12, 13a to 13c) includes a Fourier transform hologram (20R, 20Y) configured to convert incident ray from a point light source or a laser light source into a second object to be displayed.

Abstract: To provide an authentication device and method for a security medium including a reflective volume hologram, capable of easily performing authentication determination and a security medium including the reflective volume hologram. An authenticity determination device 1 for a security medium 10 including a reflective volume hologram 2 includes a light source L disposed on the front surface side of the reflective volume hologram 2 so that light emitted therefrom is incident on the reflective volume hologram 2, a first observation device 11 disposed in a pre-designed diffraction direction of the reflective volume hologram 2, and a second observation device 12 disposed in a direction other than the pre-designed diffraction direction of the reflective volume hologram 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a holographic viewing device that enable printing or the like to be directly applied to a transmission hologram substrate without recourse to any frame for supporting and reinforcing a transmission hologram, thereby simplifying construction while enhancing aesthetic and decorative attributes, and a holographic viewing card incorporating it. The holographic viewing device enables a given image or message to be viewed near the positions of point light sources upon viewing the point light sources through a hologram, and comprises a transparent substrate 41, a hologram-formation layer 42 and a printing layer 45. The hologram-formation layer 42 may be any one of a phase type diffractive optical element having a relief structure 43 on its surface, a phase type diffractive optical element having a refractive index profile in its layer, and an amplitude type diffractive optical element having a transmittance profile in its layer.

Abstract: There is provided a luminescent medium which requires difficult analysis of light emitted from a luminescent material of the medium. A luminescent medium 10 includes a substrate 11, and a luminescent material 12 comprising a first luminescent material 12A which, when irradiated with visible light, infrared light or ultraviolet light, emits first infrared light “a”, and a second luminescent material 12B which, when irradiated with visible light, infrared light or ultraviolet light, emits second infrared light “b”. The first luminescent material 12A is formed in a first planar area 11A, and the second luminescent material 12B is formed in a second planar area 11B. The first planar area 11A and the second planar area 11B overlap each other, forming an overlapping planar area 11C in which the luminescent materials 12A and 12B each have a concentration gradation.

Abstract: To provide a hologram, a light-transmissive reflector plate, a screen, and a projection system capable of achieving high transparency and allowing a projected image to be brightly and clearly reflected and observed. A hologram 1 has a relief part, wherein the hologram 1 reflects a given white light incident thereon at a given angle from one side, while transmits a given white light incident thereon at a given angle from the other side, and diffraction efficiency for transmitted light and diffraction efficiency for reflected light differ from each other.

Abstract: A light-emitting medium including a light-emitting image having a pattern area formed on a substrate by using a first fluorescent ink containing a first fluorescent material, a background area formed on the substrate by using a second fluorescent ink containing a second fluorescent material, and a overcoat layer formed on the first fluorescent material of the pattern area and the second fluorescent material of the background area. The first fluorescent material is made of a fluorescent material which emits light of blue color when UV-A is irradiated, and emits light of red color when UV-C is irradiated. The second fluorescent material is made of a fluorescent material which emits light of blue color or light of a color that is viewed as the same color as the blue color when the UV-A is irradiated, and emits light of green color when the UV-C is irradiated.

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to obtain an anti-counterfeiting marker sheet that is inexpensive and with which authenticity can be assessed easily. The invention uses an anti-counterfeiting marker sheet (1) characterized in being provided with a substrate (3), and multiple markers (5), which are formed directly on the substrate (3) and the contour shape of which can be recognized by magnified examination. It is preferable that: the markers are not unevenly distributed but are irregularly disposed on the substrate; there are multiple marker (5) colors; and there are multiple types of shapes for the marker (5) contour shapes. It is also preferable that the minimum radius of curvature of the corners of the shapes formed when the markers (5) are viewed in plan view is 250 nm to less than 10 ?m.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide fine particles, a particle group, an anti-counterfeiting ink, an anti-counterfeiting toner, an anti-counterfeiting sheet, and an anti-counterfeiting medium enabling to achieve a high level of authentication. The object of the present invention is achieved by providing the fine particle comprising an identification information group including multiple types of identification information identifiable by magnification, characterized in that the identification information group includes first identification information and second identification information which cannot be identified at any magnifying power capable of identifying the first identification information.