Abstract: An optical measurement device is provided with: a light source that irradiates, with light, a measurement object which has a fluid flowing thereinside; a light receiving unit which, upon receipt of scattered light from the measurement object irradiated with light, outputs a light reception signal according to the intensity of the scattered light; a disturbance generation unit which generates a disturbance signal for causing oscillation of a drive current to be supplied to the light source; and an adjustment unit which adjust the drive current on the basis of the result of a comparison between the disturbance signal and a signal generated on the basis of the light reception signal.

Abstract: A pattern forming method includes forming a resist film having a first region, a second region, and a third region, on a substrate, irradiating the first region with light or an energy ray in a first irradiation amount, and irradiating the second region with light or an energy ray in a second irradiation amount, the second irradiation amount being smaller than the first irradiation amount. The pattern forming method also includes dissolving the resist film of the first region by using first liquid, forming a coating film on a side surface of the resist film after the resist film of the first region is dissolved, and dissolving the third region by using second liquid that is different from the first liquid.

Abstract: A vibration suppression device of a vehicle includes a controller, a memory a vibration detector. The controller determines whether the vehicle is in a normal driving condition. The controller obtains data of a longitudinal vibration of the vehicle from the vibration detector. The controller determines whether a vibration level corresponding to a reference frequency band is greater than a vibration level threshold. The controller calculates a torque generated by each cylinder and a correction amount for the fuel injection amount for each cylinder so that a torque difference among the plurality of cylinders is reduced. The controller corrects the command fuel injection amount for each cylinder based on the calculated correction amount, controls each fuel injection device based on the corrected command fuel injection amount, and stores the calculated correction amount in the memory member.

Abstract: A vibration suppression device of a vehicle includes a controller, a memory a vibration detector. The controller determines whether the vehicle is in a normal driving condition. The controller obtains data of a longitudinal vibration of the vehicle from the vibration detector. The controller determines whether a vibration level corresponding to a reference frequency band is greater than a vibration level threshold. The controller calculates a torque generated by each cylinder and a correction amount for the fuel injection amount for each cylinder so that a torque difference among the plurality of cylinders is reduced. The controller corrects the command fuel injection amount for each cylinder based on the calculated correction amount, controls each fuel injection device based on the corrected command fuel injection amount, and stores the calculated correction amount in the memory member.

Abstract: A data conversion apparatus which converts data including a K pixel amount of bit data expressed as N bits/1 pixel, where N and K are plural, using conversion data of predetermined bits comprising: a holding unit configured to hold input data in K×N bits; an acquisition unit configured to acquire from the conversion data a number of bit patterns corresponding to a decimal value expressed by N bits among a conversion target to convert the input data held by the holding unit by N-bit units; a storage unit configured to store a pattern of N bits corresponding to a decimal value obtained from a bit pattern acquired by the acquisition unit in a bit position of the conversion target; and an updating unit configured to update the bit position of the conversion target each time the acquisition unit and the storage unit perform processing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a capsule-type compound consisting of: a capsule-type divalent cation consisting of a capsule framework represented by the following formula (1) and a sulfate ion (SO42?) encapsulated in the capsule framework; and a sulfate ion (SO42?) as a counter ion to the capsule-type divalent cation. In the formula (1), R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and M1 and M2 each independently represent Cu2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Co2+, or Zn2+.

Abstract: A toroidal pressure vessel having extremely high pressure resistance has laminated latitudinal reinforcing fiber layers to improve a strength in a latitudinal direction of the pressure vessel. Moreover, putting reinforcing fibers constituting those laminated latitudinal reinforcing fiber layers in continuity enables further improvement of strength in the latitudinal direction of the pressure vessel, for example compared with a case where the reinforcing fibers are divided for each layer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a liquefied fuel oil using biomass as a feedstock, in which a relatively inexpensive liquefaction apparatus is used; a good balance is maintained between the liquefaction of water-insoluble lignin and the liquefaction of water-soluble cellulose to achieve a high yield of the liquefied fuel oil based on the biomass solids content; and the amount of ash derived from an alkali catalyst and the like is low. The method for producing a liquefied fuel oil using biomass as a feedstock is characterized by adding, to biomass comprising lignocellulose, a solvent comprising an organic solvent and having a moisture content adjusted to 10 to 25 wt %, including moisture contained in the biomass, and liquefying the biomass at a temperature of 250 to 350° C.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for producing a water-insoluble liquefied fuel oil containing a hydrocarbon from biomass. The method includes converting an oxygen-containing compound in a liquefied fuel oil obtained after liquefaction to a hydrocarbon and converting a water-soluble organic substance contained in an aqueous phase to a hydrocarbon, thereby improving the yield of the water-insoluble liquefied fuel oil.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for producing a water-insoluble liquefied fuel oil containing a hydrocarbon from biomass. The method includes converting an oxygen-containing compound in a liquefied fuel oil obtained after liquefaction to a hydrocarbon and converting a water-soluble organic substance contained in an aqueous phase to a hydrocarbon, thereby improving the yield of the water-insoluble liquefied fuel oil.

Abstract: The present invention provides a capsule-type compound consisting of: a capsule-type divalent cation consisting of a capsule framework represented by the following formula (1) and a sulfate ion (SO42?) encapsulated in the capsule framework; and a sulfate ion (SO42?) as a counter ion to the capsule-type divalent cation. In the formula (1), R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and M1 and M2 each independently represent Cu2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Co2+, or Zn2+.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a system for stirring pigment ink whose pigment particles in a container subside without moving the container containing pigment ink, and detecting that pigment particles have been stirred satisfactorily. To achieve this, a pair of electrodes greatly different in surface area and at least one of which has an inconstant width are arranged outside a container containing pigment ink whose pigment particles subside. An AC power supply is connected to the electrodes and applies an AC voltage to them. Then, an electric field generated between the electrodes causes induced polarization in pigment particles which subside in the container. The pigment particles are attracted to a portion having high electric field intensity. Convection occurs in the container, stirring the subsiding pigment particles. Based on a voltage detected by an interelectrode voltage detector, it is detected that pigment particles are dispersed sufficiently.

Abstract: A recording apparatus includes a platen that guides a sheet, restraining members disposed on the platen at respective side edges of the sheet to restrain the side edges of the sheet from being raised, a sheet width detector that detects the width of the sheet, and a restraining member detector that detects the positions of the restraining members. At least one of the restraining members is moved in accordance with the information obtained by the sheet width detector regarding the positions of the side edges of the sheet and the information obtained by the restraining position detector regarding the positions of the restraining members.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide reduction catalyst for smoking articles includes particles, 90% by volume or more of which have a particle diameter within a range of 1 to 100 ?m. Each particle includes a transition metal oxide generated by heating a transition metal salt of an organic acid.

Abstract: A data conversion apparatus which converts data including a K pixel amount of bit data expressed as N bits/1 pixel, where N and K are plural, using conversion data of predetermined bits comprising: a holding unit configured to hold input data in K×N bits; an acquisition unit configured to acquire from the conversion data a number of bit patterns corresponding to a decimal value expressed by N bits among a conversion target to convert the input data held by the holding unit by N-bit units; a storage unit configured to store a pattern of N bits corresponding to a decimal value obtained from a bit pattern acquired by the acquisition unit in a bit position of the conversion target; and an updating unit configured to update the bit position of the conversion target each time the acquisition unit and the storage unit perform processing.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus includes a feeding portion that feeds an original or a recording medium, a reading portion that reads an original, and a recording portion that performs recording on a recording medium. The original or recording medium fed from the feeding portion can be selectively conveyed to the reading portion or the recording portion, thereby allowing for compactness of the apparatus as well as cost reduction.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a system for stirring pigment ink whose pigment particles in a container subside without moving the container containing pigment ink, and detecting that pigment particles have been stirred satisfactorily. To achieve this, a pair of electrodes greatly different in surface area and at least one of which has an inconstant width are arranged outside a container containing pigment ink whose pigment particles subside. An AC power supply is connected to the electrodes and applies an AC voltage to them. Then, an electric field generated between the electrodes causes induced polarization in pigment particles which subside in the container. The pigment particles are attracted to a portion having high electric field intensity. Convection occurs in the container, stirring the subsiding pigment particles. Based on a voltage detected by an interelectrode voltage detector, it is detected that pigment particles are dispersed sufficiently.

Abstract: To provide a bearing support structure and a gas turbine that prevent damage of device induced by a rotor shaft when the rotor shaft is unbalanced, the bearing support structure and the gas turbine includes: a casing (7) formed in a cylindrical shape; a bearing unit (8) formed in a cylindrical shape and housed in the casing (7); a rotation shaft (5) rotatably supported by the bearing unit (8); and a reaction-force decreasing unit (13) that connects the casing and the bearing unit, and is configured to decrease a radial reaction force on the bearing unit side.

Abstract: Provided is a toroidal pressure vessel having extremely high pressure resistance. Laminating latitudinal reinforcing fiber layers (32) enables to improve a strength in a latitudinal direction of a pressure vessel (1). Moreover, putting reinforcing fibers (32a) constituting those laminated latitudinal reinforcing fiber layers (32) in continuity enables to further improve the strength in the latitudinal direction of the pressure vessel (1), for example compared with a case where the reinforcing fibers are divided for each layer.

Abstract: A cigarette includes a shredded tobacco rod and a cigarette paper that wraps the outer peripheral surface of the shredded tobacco rod. The shredded tobacco and/or the cigarette paper contains a transition metal salt of an organic acid.