Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device that has luminescent elements of a long lifetime by preventing oxygen or moisture from entering to luminescent layers or electrodes even in case of an electrode-optical device provided with a number of luminescent layers and an electronic apparatus provided with the electro-optical device. The invention can include an electro-optical device having first electrodes on a base body, a plurality of element areas including element layers including at least one functional layers disposed above the first electrodes, a second electrode formed above the element layers, a surrounding sections disposed on the base body so as to cover outer sides of the element layers included the element areas in the nearest proximity of the periphery of the base body, and a gas-barrier layer covering over the second electrode. Outer sides of the surrounding sections can be covered with the second electrode, and the gas-barrier layer can be in contact with the base body.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device that has luminescent elements of a long lifetime by preventing oxygen or moisture from entering to luminescent layers or electrodes even in case of an electrode-optical device provided with a number of luminescent layers and an electronic apparatus provided with the electro-optical device. The invention can include an electro-optical device having first electrodes on a base body, a plurality of element areas including element layers including at least one functional layers disposed above the first electrodes, a second electrode formed above the element layers, a surrounding sections disposed on the base body so as to cover outer sides of the element layers included the element areas in the nearest proximity of the periphery of the base body, and a gas-barrier layer covering over the second electrode. Outer sides of the surrounding sections can be covered with the second electrode, and the gas-barrier layer can be in contact with the base body.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device that has luminescent elements of a long lifetime by preventing oxygen or moisture from entering to luminescent layers or electrodes even in case of an electrode-optical device provided with a number of luminescent layers and an electronic apparatus provided with the electro-optical device. The invention can include an electro-optical device having first electrodes on a base body, a plurality of element areas including element layers including at least one functional layers disposed above the first electrodes, a second electrode formed above the element layers, a surrounding sections disposed on the base body so as to cover outer sides of the element layers included the element areas in the nearest proximity of the periphery of the base body, and a gas-barrier layer covering over the second electrode. Outer sides of the surrounding sections can be covered with the second electrode, and the gas-barrier layer can be in contact with the base body.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device that has luminescent elements of a long lifetime by preventing oxygen or moisture from entering to luminescent layers or electrodes even in case of an electrode-optical device provided with a number of luminescent layers and an electronic apparatus provided with the electro-optical device. The invention can include an electro-optical device having first electrodes on a base body, a plurality of element areas including element layers including at least one functional layers disposed above the first electrodes, a second electrode formed above the element layers, a surrounding sections disposed on the base body so as to cover outer sides of the element layers included the element areas in the nearest proximity of the periphery of the base body, and a gas-barrier layer covering over the second electrode. Outer sides of the surrounding sections can be covered with the second electrode, and the gas-barrier layer can be in contact with the base body.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes an effective display region including a pixel, the pixel including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light-emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a wiring line connected to the second electrode at a position to the periphery of the effective display region, the wiring line including a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer that are electrically connected to each other and that overlap each other, the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer both extending in a direction in which an edge of the effective display region extends, the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer extending in the direction a distance that is longer than a distance in which the edge of the effective display region extends in the direction.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electroluminescent display apparatus includes: discharging first droplets of the fluid luminescent material from the first nozzles to the target discharge areas when the first nozzles are positioned in an area above the target discharge areas so that all of the first droplets are arranged in the target discharge areas on different X-axis direction positions so as not to overlap each other when viewed in the Y-axis direction; and discharging second droplets of fluid luminescent material from the second nozzles to the target discharge areas to which the first droplets have been discharged when the second nozzles are positioned in the area above the target discharge areas after a predetermined period of time passed since the discharge of the first droplets to the target discharge areas.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device that has luminescent elements of a long lifetime by preventing oxygen or moisture from entering to luminescent layers or electrodes even in case of an electrode-optical device provided with a number of luminescent layers and an electronic apparatus provided with the electro-optical device. The invention can include an electro-optical device having first electrodes on a base body, a plurality of element areas including element layers including at least one functional layers disposed above the first electrodes, a second electrode formed above the element layers, a surrounding sections disposed on the base body so as to cover outer sides of the element layers included the element areas in the nearest proximity of the periphery of the base body, and a gas-barrier layer covering over the second electrode. Outer sides of the surrounding sections can be covered with the second electrode, and the gas-barrier layer can be in contact with the base body.

Abstract: A transdermally absorbable preparation that even when a drug with poor solubility in a base is added in high concentration, is stable over time and can suppress crystallization of the drug, excelling in transdermal absorbability. There is provided a transdermally absorbable preparation, comprising a base and, added thereto, at least composite particles which are composed of a silicate compound and an organic acid and a drug.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes an effective display region including a pixel, the pixel including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light-emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a wiring line connected to the second electrode at a position to the periphery of the effective display region, the wiring line including a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer that are electrically connected to each other and that overlap each other, the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer both extending in a direction in which an edge of the effective display region extends, the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer extending in the direction a distance that is longer than a distance in which the edge of the effective display region extends in the direction.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes an effective display region including a pixel, the pixel including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light-emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a wiring line connected to the second electrode at a position to the periphery of the effective display region, the wiring line including a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer that are electrically connected to each other and that overlap each other, the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer both extending in a direction in which an edge of the effective display region extends, the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer extending in the direction a distance that is longer than a distance in which the edge of the effective display region extends in the direction.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electroluminescent display apparatus includes: discharging first droplets of the fluid luminescent material from the first nozzles to the target discharge areas when the first nozzles are positioned in an area above the target discharge areas so that all of the first droplets are arranged in the target discharge areas on different X-axis direction positions so as not to overlap each other when viewed in the Y-axis direction; and discharging second droplets of fluid luminescent material from the second nozzles to the target discharge areas to which the first droplets have been discharged when the second nozzles are positioned in the area above the target discharge areas after a predetermined period of time passed since the discharge of the first droplets to the target discharge areas.

Abstract: A stage on which a substrate having target discharge areas is placed moves relative to a discharge head unit. When at least one of a plurality of first discharge nozzles of the discharge head unit reaches one of the target discharge areas, the first nozzle discharges a first droplet of fluid material to the target discharge area. When one of a plurality of second nozzles of the discharge head unit reaches the target discharge area to which the first droplet has been discharged, the second nozzle discharges a second droplet of the fluid material to the target discharge area. A first nozzle row of the first nozzles and a second nozzle row of the second nozzles are separated by a predetermined distance in a direction of the relative movement of the stage and the discharge head unit.

Abstract: A transdermal preparation is provided that contains risperidone and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a drug, and the amount of the drug is 1 to 20 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the preparation. The skin permeation rate of the preparation is 0.5 to 30 ?g/cm2/hour, and the drug diffusion coefficient of the preparation in the skin is 1.2×10?6 to 10.0×10?6 cm/hour.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes an effective display region including a pixel, the pixel including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light-emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a wiring line connected to the second electrode at a position to the periphery of the effective display region, the wiring line including a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer that are electrically connected to each other and that overlap each other, the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer both extending in a direction in which an edge of the effective display region extends, the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer extending in the direction a distance that is longer than a distance in which the edge of the effective display region extends in the direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transdermally absorbable preparation in which the crystallization of a medicinal agent can be prevented even when the medicinal agent has poor solubility in a base material and is contained in the base material at a high concentration, and which exhibits excellent long-term stability and transdermal absorbability of the medicinal agent. By adding a complex of an organic acid and an organic acid salt and a medicinal agent to a base material, it becomes possible to produce a transdermally absorbable preparation in which the crystallization of the medicinal agent can be prevented and which has excellent preparation properties and transdermal absorbability. Also disclosed is use of a complex of an organic and an organic acid salt for preventing the crystallization of a medicinal agent in a transdermally absorbable preparation.

Abstract: A method is provided to reliably form shot drops on all of a plurality of pixel areas. The method comprises a step of forming a plurality of shot drops by ejecting droplets from a plurality of nozzles of a drawing apparatus to a plurality of pixel areas on a substrate. The step of forming the plurality of shot drops includes a step of forming additional shot drops near predetermined ones of the plurality of shot drops.

Abstract: A method is provided to reliably form shot drops on all of a plurality of pixel areas. The method comprises a step of forming a plurality of shot drops by ejecting droplets from a plurality of nozzles of a drawing apparatus to a plurality of pixel areas on a substrate. The step of forming the plurality of shot drops includes a step of forming additional shot drops near predetermined ones of the plurality of shot drops.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed in a position opposite to the first substrate, a liquid crystal interposed between the first and second substrates, a plurality of color element regions provided on the second substrate, and a light shield formed so as to surround the color element regions. A width of the light shield varying depending on the color element region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes an electrode substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes; an opposing substrate opposing the electrode substrate; a color filter having color elements colored with four colors or more, each color element opposing each of the pixel electrodes; a liquid crystal disposed between the electrode substrate and the opposing substrate; and an alignment control member extending on a face of at least one of the electrode substrate or the opposing substrate, the face contacting with the liquid crystal, wherein the alignment control member is formed in a position where corresponds to the color element colored with one of at least predetermined three colors among the four colors or more, and an area of which the alignment control member extends is determined by color and differs among the colors.

Abstract: An ejecting apparatus is provided for readily controlling ejection even when the number of nozzles is increased. In each of N heads in an ejecting apparatus, DA equals a distance between a first nozzle array and a second nozzle array, and a distance between the second nozzle array in one arbitrary head of the N heads and the first nozzle array in another head adjacent to this arbitrary head in the Y-axis direction is substantially equal to an integer multiple of DA.