Abstract: A forging method which enables formation of a hollow part by simple processes. In a cutting process, a cylinder blank 1 is cut at the upsetting ratio of L/D=1.5-2.0. In a first process, the cylinder blank 1 is upset in accordance with the outer shape of a nut. The height h of a semi-manufactured product 2 should be lower than the height h of a final product 4. In a second process, dents 3a and 3b are formed on both sides by extrusion. The depth of the dents 3a should be deeper than the other. The height of the semi-manufactured product 3 in the second process should be as tall as the height of the final product 4. In a third process, piercing is performed to the bottom portion of the deeper dent 3a so that both dents 3a and 3b can communicate.

Abstract: A forging method which enables formation of a hollow part by simple processes. In a cutting process, a cylinder blank 1 is cut at the upsetting ratio of L/D=1.5-2.0. In a first process, the cylinder blank 1 is upset in accordance with the outer shape of a nut. The height h of a semi-manufactured product 2 should be lower than the height h of a final product 4. In a second process, dents 3a and 3b are formed on both sides by extrusion. The depth of the dents 3a should be deeper than the other. The height of the semi-manufactured product 3 in the second process should be as tall as the height of the final product 4. In a third process, piercing is performed to the bottom portion of the deeper dent 3a so that both dents 3a and 3b can communicate.

Abstract: A laminate which contains the following layers:(I) a stretched microporous resin film base layer having an opacity of at least 80%;(Ia) a heat sealable adhesive resin layer on the back side of the base layer;(II) a gas barrier resin film layer on the surface side of the base layer; and(III) an inorganic oxide thin film layer on the surface side of the gas barrier resin film layer,wherein the laminate:(i) has a water vapor permeability of at most 5 g/m.sup.2 .multidot.24 hr, and(ii) has an oxygen permeability of at most 5 cc/m.sup.2 .multidot.24 hr.multidot.atm.The laminate is useful, for example, for packaging a variety of articles, e.g., edible products, in which taste and freshness are desirably preserved during transportation and storage thereof.