Abstract: The titanium material includes a titanium oxide layer formed on a surface of titanium being a base material, the titanium oxide layer having a thickness measured by a glow discharge spectrometry of 60 to 300 nm, wherein: the titanium oxide layer contains 0.5 to 7.0 at % of nitrogen, and an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of a surface thereof is 2.0 to 4.0 ?m; and a power spectrum of a surface roughness of the titanium material has a peak of an amplitude height of 0.005 to 0.020 ?m in a range of a wavelength of 1.1 to 2.5 ?m and has a peak of an amplitude height of 0.0010 to 0.0030 ?m in a range of a wavelength of 0.80 to 0.98 ?m. An L*a*b* color space may be L*: 30 to 40, a*: 2.0 to 9.0, and b*: ?7.0 to 18.0.

Abstract: The titanium material includes a titanium oxide layer formed on a surface of titanium being a base material, the titanium oxide layer having a thickness measured by a glow discharge spectrometry of 60 to 300 nm, wherein: the titanium oxide layer contains 0.5 to 7.0 at % of nitrogen, and an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of a surface thereof is 2.0 to 4.0 ?m; and a power spectrum of a surface roughness of the titanium material has a peak of an amplitude height of 0.005 to 0.020 ?m in a range of a wavelength of 1.1 to 2.5 ?m and has a peak of an amplitude height of 0.0010 to 0.0030 ?m in a range of a wavelength of 0.80 to 0.98 ?m. An L*a*b* color space may be L*: 30 to 40, a*: 2.0 to 9.0, and b*: ?7.0 to 18.0.

Abstract: A cooling drum for metal cast strip by continuous casting has dimples 40 to 200 ?m in average depth and 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter of circle equivalent formed on a plated peripheral surface of the cooling drum, adjacent to each other at rims of the dimples; and a film, containing oxides of at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ni—W, Ni—Co—W, Cr, Ni—Fe and Ni—Al, is formed on the peripheral surface.

Abstract: Dimples, preferably 40 to 200 ?m in average depth and 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter of circle equivalent, are formed on the peripheral surface of a cooling drum, adjacent to each other at the rims of the dimples; and fine humps (preferably, fine humps 1 to 50 ?m in height and 5 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent on the surfaces of the dimples and/or fine humps 1 to 50 ?m in height and 30 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent at the rims of the dimples), fine holes (preferably, fine holes 5 ?m or more in depth and 10 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent), or fine unevenness (preferably, fine unevenness 1 to 50 ?m in average depth and 10 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent) are formed at the rims and/or on the indented surfaces of said dimples.

Abstract: Dimples, preferably 40 to 200 ?m in average depth and 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter of circle equivalent, are formed on the peripheral surface of a cooling drum, adjacent to each other at the rims of the dimples; and fine humps (preferably, fine humps 1 to 50 ?m in height and 5 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent on the surfaces of the dimples and/or fine humps 1 to 50 ?m in height and 30 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent at the rims of the dimples), fine holes (preferably, fine holes 5 ?m or more in depth and 10 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent), or fine unevenness (preferably, fine unevenness 1 to 50 ?m in average depth and 10 to 200 ?m in diameter of circle equivalent) are formed at the rims and/or on the indented surfaces of said dimples.

Abstract: Dimples, preferably 40 to 200 &mgr;m in average depth and 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter of circle equivalent, are formed on the peripheral surface of a cooling drum, adjacent to each other at the rims of the dimples; and fine humps (preferably, fine humps 1 to 50 &mgr;m in height and 5 to 200 &mgr;m in diameter of circle equivalent on the surfaces of the dimples and/or fine humps 1 to 50 &mgr;m in height and 30 to 200 &mgr;m in diameter of circle equivalent at the rims of the dimples), fine holes (preferably, fine holes 5 &mgr;m or more in depth and 10 to 200 &mgr;m in diameter of circle equivalent), or fine unevenness (preferably, fine unevenness 1 to 50 &mgr;m in average depth and 10 to 200 &mgr;m in diameter of circle equivalent) are formed at the rims and/or on the indented surfaces of said dimples.

Abstract: An inhibitor of aldose reductase which contains, as the effective ingredient, a flavone derivative having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen atom or hydroxyl group, R.sub.2 is hydroxyl group or methoxyl group or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The inhibitor is useful for preventing, reducing or treating complications of diabetes.