Abstract: A display cell comprises two substrates for forming in combination a compartment, an injection hole formed in one of them, a pathway provided for connecting the compartment and the injection hole, and a concavity shaped in at least one of the two substrates. The concavity assures that the pathway has a predetermined width by the depth of the concavity in order that the pathway conducts a liquid to the compartment. Preferably, the depth of the concavity is in the order of about 10 to about 100 .mu.m.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device comprises terminals formed on one of two substrates for connecting the electrochromic display device to a driver circuit, and one or more cut-off and lead-in electrodes each for connecting display segments to corresponding terminals. The cut-off and lead-in electrodes are adapted to have resistance values such that the results of a multiplication of each of the resistance values and the area of a corresponding one of the display segments are approximately constant as compared to remaining couples of the remaining display segments and corresponding lead-in electrodes. Each of the cut-off and lead-in electrodes has a cut-off portion not available for electrical interconnection. In another form of the present invention, the lead-in electrodes, regardless of whether or not the cut-off portion is present, are formed on a substantially entire surface of one of the two substrates so that gaps therebetween are not noticed by a visual scale.

Abstract: An electrochromic display cell comprising a display electrode formed on a glass substrate, a counter electrode formed on another glass substrate, and a liquid electrolyte disposed between the two glass substrates. The display electrode comprises a transparent conductive, continuous film formed on the glass substrate, and a plurality of electrochromic (WO.sub.3) segments formed on the continuous film. The electrochromic segments are spaced apart from each other with a thin gap having a width of 100 .mu.m-- 200 .mu.m being formed therebetween. Each electrochromic segment has a size smaller than 0.1 cm.sup.2.

Abstract: In a reflective type liquid crystal display comprising a rear support plate carrying segmented reflective electrodes in a predetermined display region, a front transparent support plate carries first and second reflective coatings in a region except the region corresponding to said segmented reflective electrodes, and a transparent electrode is deposited on said front support plate and said second reflective coating. An intermediate layer of insulator material is interposed between said first and second reflective coatings. Said intermediate layer protects the first reflective coating from the influence caused by the chemical reaction between said transparent electrode and said second reflective coating.

Abstract: In a reflective type liquid crystal display comprising a rear support plate carrying a segmented reflective electrode in a predetermined display region, a front support plate carrying a transparent electrode of indium oxide at least in a region corresponding to the reflective electrode and a reflective coating of aluminum in a region except the region corresponding to the reflective electrode, and a liquid crystal composition sandwiched between the two support plates, there is provided an intermediate layer made of a material selected from the group consisting of magnesium fluoride, thorium fluoride, silicon dioxide, silicon monoxide, cerium oxide and magnesium oxide intermediate the indium oxide transparent electrode deposited on at least the region corresponding to the reflective electrode and the aluminum reflective coating deposited on the region except the region corresponding to the reflector electrode.