Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an anisotropic thermal conductivity member (37, 51) provided on a wall surface defining a cylinder or a wall surface of a cooling water passage on a side of the cylinder, a thermal conductivity of the anisotropic thermal conductivity member in an axial direction of the cylinder being higher than a thermal conductivity of the anisotropic thermal conductivity member in a radial direction of the cylinder, and a thermally insulating member (38. 52) provided on an outer surface of the anisotropic thermal conductivity member with respect to the radial direction of the cylinder.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an anisotropic thermal conductivity member (37, 51) provided on a wall surface defining a cylinder or a wall surface of a cooling water passage on a side of the cylinder, a thermal conductivity of the anisotropic thermal conductivity member in an axial direction of the cylinder being higher than a thermal conductivity of the anisotropic thermal conductivity member in a radial direction of the cylinder, and a thermally insulating member (38. 52) provided on an outer surface of the anisotropic thermal conductivity member with respect to the radial direction of the cylinder.

Abstract: In a variable valve opening property internal combustion engine, a roller link (22) is provided with a cam roller (31) at a free end thereof which engages a cam (3) of a camshaft (4) and a pressure surface (47) of a spring device (41). The roller link is pivotally supported by a bearing portion of a control link (21) which can be adjusted in position by using an actuator (14). The roller link is additionally provided with a roller shaft (31) that engages a slipper surface of a rocker arm (6). The pressure surface of the spring device may be contoured or otherwise inclined so that the direction of action of the spring device on the cam roller can be directed in an optimum direction irrespective of the adjusted position of the pivot point of the roller link.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a microcomputer on which a plurality of ICs (Integrated Circuits) connected from one another by a source-synchronous interface is mounted.

Abstract: An engine valve operating system is provided in which a roller in rolling contact with a valve operating cam of a camshaft is axially supported via a roller shaft on a roller support portion provided on a first rocker arm, a second rocker arm having a cylindrical boss portion pivotably supported on a support shaft and an arm portion extending from the boss portion and having a sliding surface that is in sliding contact with the roller shaft is operatively connected to an engine valve, and the position of either one of first and second rocker arm swing axes is changed within a plane perpendicular to the axis of the camshaft, wherein at least the roller support portion (38) of the first rocker arm (23) is disposed at a position that overlaps the second rocker arm (26A, 26B) in plan view. This can provide an engine valve operating system that enables the size thereof to be reduced in a direction along the axis of the camshaft.

Abstract: Provided is a variable valve lift internal combustion engine including a control shaft pivotally supported by a cylinder head via a pivot arm pivotally supported by the cylinder head so as to able to move angularly around a rotational center line extending in parallel with an axial line of the control shaft, a power transmitting member supported by the control shaft, an actuator for causing an angular movement of the control shaft around the rotational center line via the power transmitting member and a control arm having a base end pivotally supported by the control shaft and a free end interposed between a cam lobe of an engine camshaft and a part of a rocker arm. The lift of the engine valve can be varied by angularly moving the control shaft around the rotational center line and moving the base end of the control arm.

Abstract: An engine valve operating system is provided in which a roller in rolling contact with a valve operating cam of a camshaft is axially supported via a roller shaft on a roller support portion provided on a first rocker arm, a second rocker arm having a cylindrical boss portion pivotably supported on a support shaft and an arm portion extending from the boss portion and having a sliding surface that is in sliding contact with the roller shaft is operatively connected to an engine valve, and the position of either one of first and second rocker arm swing axes is changed within a plane perpendicular to the axis of the camshaft, wherein at least the roller support portion (38) of the first rocker arm (23) is disposed at a position that overlaps the second rocker arm (26A, 26B) in plan view. This can provide an engine valve operating system that enables the size thereof to be reduced in a direction along the axis of the camshaft.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a microcomputer on which a plurality of ICs (Integrated Circuits) connected from one another by a source-synchronous interface is mounted.

Abstract: In a variable valve opening property internal combustion engine, a control shaft (20) is supported by a control link (21) which is in turn is pivotally supported by a cylinder head (1), and a roller link (22) is pivotally supported by the control shaft. The roller link is provided with a cam roller (31) that engages a cam (3) of a camshaft (4) and a roller shaft (32) that engages a slipper surface (33) of a rocker arm (6). The arcuate movement of the cam roller centered around the control shaft varies the swing of the rocker arm and hence the valve lift in dependence on the position of the control shaft. A compression coil spring (41) is interposed between a part of the cylinder head and a side of the cam roller facing away from the cam. The coil spring is oriented such that a direction of a spring force (Fspg) substantially coincides with a direction of a guided movement of the cam roller, preferably in a low valve lift condition.

Abstract: In a variable valve opening property internal combustion engine, a roller link (22) is provided with a cam roller (31) at a free end thereof which engages a cam (3) of a camshaft (4) and a pressure surface (47) of a spring device (41). The roller link is pivotally supported by a bearing portion of a control link (21) which can be adjusted in position by using an actuator (14). The roller link is additionally provided with a roller shaft (31) that engages a slipper surface of a rocker arm (6). The pressure surface of the spring device may be contoured or otherwise inclined so that the direction of action of the spring device on the cam roller can be directed in an optimum direction irrespective of the adjusted position of the pivot point of the roller link.

Abstract: Provided is a variable valve lift internal combustion engine including a control shaft pivotally supported by a cylinder head via a pivot arm pivotally supported by the cylinder head so as to able to move angularly around a rotational center line extending in parallel with an axial line of the control shaft, a power transmitting member supported by the control shaft, an actuator for causing an angular movement of the control shaft around the rotational center line via the power transmitting member and a control arm having a base end pivotally supported by the control shaft and a free end interposed between a cam lobe of an engine camshaft and a part of a rocker arm. The lift of the engine valve can be varied by angularly moving the control shaft around the rotational center line and moving the base end of the control arm.

Abstract: An EGR control system that is capable of controlling the amount of recirculation of high-temperature and low-temperature recirculated gases, with high accuracy, to thereby improve the control accuracy of in-cylinder temperature. An ECU of an ERG control system calculates a fresh intake air ratio, and sets a target value of the fresh intake air ratio. The ECU calculates a feedback correction coefficient for converging the fresh intake air ratio to the target value, with an I-PD control algorithm, and sets an external EGR ratio and an internal EGR ratio. The ECU controls the EGR amount whose ratio is the larger, according to the larger one of the two ratios and the feedback correction coefficient, and controls the EGR amount whose ratio is the smaller, according to the smaller of the ratios and the learned value thereof.

Abstract: An EGR control system that is capable of controlling the amount of recirculation of high-temperature and low-temperature recirculated gases, with high accuracy, to thereby improve the control accuracy of in-cylinder temperature. An ECU of an ERG control system calculates a fresh intake air ratio, and sets a target value of the fresh intake air ratio. The ECU calculates a feedback correction coefficient for converging the fresh intake air ratio to the target value, with an I-PD control algorithm, and sets an external EGR ratio and an internal EGR ratio. The ECU controls the EGR amount whose ratio is the larger, according to the larger one of the two ratios and the feedback correction coefficient, and controls the EGR amount whose ratio is the smaller, according to the smaller of the ratios and the learned value thereof.

Abstract: A valve actuating apparatus for an internal combustion engine selectively operating in the normal Otto cycle or the Miller cycle is provided which enables the engine to achieve stable combustion and improved fuel economy during cruising or in a low-load engine operating region. A delayed-closing cam for Miller cycle operation and a normal cam having a cam profile for earlier valve-closing timing of the intake valve than a cam profile of the delayed-closing cam are provided on a camshaft. A cam profile-switching mechanism switches between the delayed-closing cam and the normal cam, for opening and closing the intake valve. An ECU controls the switching mechanism such that when a detected operating condition of the engine indicates starting or idling, the intake valve is operated by the normal cam, and when the detected operating condition indicates cruising, the intake valve is operated by the delayed-closing cam.

Abstract: An engine valve train having a camshaft supported on a camshaft holder and driving inlet valves to open and close via inlet rocker arms; an electromagnetic actuator mechanism including an armature; a holding rod connected to the armature and pressing against a stem end of the inlet valve so as to hold the inlet valve in an open state; and, a hydraulic damper mechanism absorbing an impact which is generated by the inlet valve when the inlet valve is released from being held by the electromagnetic actuator mechanism so as to be restored to a closed state and is then seated, wherein the hydraulic damper mechanism is supported on the camshaft holder.

Abstract: A valve actuating apparatus for an internal combustion engine selectively operating in the normal Otto cycle or the Miller cycle is provided which enables the engine to achieve stable combustion and improved fuel economy during cruising or in a low-load engine operating region. A delayed-closing cam for Miller cycle operation and a normal cam having a cam profile for earlier valve-closing timing of the intake valve than a cam profile of the delayed-closing cam are provided on a camshaft. A cam profile-switching mechanism switches between the delayed-closing cam and the normal cam, for opening and closing the intake valve. An ECU controls the switching mechanism such that when a detected operating condition of the engine indicates starting or idling, the intake valve is operated by the normal cam, and when the detected operating condition indicates cruising, the intake valve is operated by the delayed-closing cam.

Abstract: A gas jacket is provided in a lower portion of a cylinder block, so that an exhaust gas in an exhaust gas passage is supplied to the gas jacket through an exhaust gas supply passage having an exhaust gas supply valve. Fresh air in an intake passage is supplied to an intake passage through a fresh-air supply passage having a fresh-air supply valve. The temperature of a lower cylinder wall is controlled in a feedback manner to a target temperature for the lower cylinder wall. The target temperature for the lower cylinder wall is set at a sufficiently high temperature in a range in which an oil film of lubricating oil, extending from an intermediate portion of the cylinder wall to a bottom dead center of a piston, can be ensured. Therefore, the viscosity of the lubricating oil can be decreased to minimize the friction loss at slide portions of the cylinder wall and the piston, thereby providing an increase in engine output, a reduction in amount of fuel consumed and a reduction in lubricating oil consumed.

Abstract: An engine valve train has: a camshaft supported on a camshaft holder and driving inlet valves to open and close via inlet rocker arms; an electromagnetic actuator mechanism including an armature; a holding rod connected to the armature and pressing against a stem end of the inlet valve so as to hold the inlet valve in an open state; and, a hydraulic damper mechanism absorbing an impact which is generated by the inlet valve when the inlet valve is released from being held by the electromagnetic actuator mechanism so as to be restored to a closed state and is then seated, wherein the hydraulic damper mechanism is supported on the camshaft holder.

Abstract: A valve operating system in an internal combustion engine including rollers which are in rolling contact with valve operating cams and rotatably supported by support shafts fixed to rocker arms in a manner such that the support shafts can be easily fixed to the rocker arms. In one embodiment, a rocker arm 25.sub.1 is provided with a fitting bore 37 in which a support shaft 34.sub.1 is fitted and with a press-fit bore 40 leading to an inner surface of the fitting bore 37. A locking groove 43 is provided in an outer surface of the support shaft 34.sub.1 in correspondence to an opening of the press-fit bore 40 into the inner surface of the fitting bore 37, and extends in a direction tangent to a phantom circle C.sub.1 about an axis of the support shaft 34.sub.1. A pin 46 is press-fitted into the press-fit bore 40 and engaged in the locking groove 43.

Abstract: A compression ratio changing arrangement in an internal combustion engine. In order to change the compression ratio by utilizing, to the maximum, an eccentric amount between inner and outer peripheral surfaces of an eccentric ring interposed between a crank pin and a large end of a connecting rod in a compression ratio changing device, the eccentric ring is selectively connected to the crank pin or the large end of the connecting rod by a connecting pin with the thinnest portion or thickest portion of the connecting ring being turned toward the center of rotation of a crankshaft. The selective connection is performed when the piston is at botton dead center. When the eccentric ring has been connected to the crank pin, the stroke of the piston is increased or decreased by an amount corresponding to two times the eccentric amount of the eccentric ring without changing the position of the bottom dead center of the piston, as compared to the stroke with when the eccentric ring has been connected to the large end.