Abstract: A composition for an organic electroluminescent device is a composition for forming an organic light emitting layer of an organic electroluminescent device by wet coating process. The composition contains a phosphorescent material, a charge transport material, and a solvent, in which the phosphorescent material and the charge transport material are each an unpolymerized organic compound, and the first oxidation potential of the phosphorescent material ED+, the first reduction potential of the phosphorescent material ED?, the first oxidation potential of the charge transporting material ET+, and the first reduction potential of the charge transporting material ET? satisfy the following condition: ET?+0.1?ED?<ET+?ED+?0.1 or ED?+0.1?ET?<ED+?ET+?0.1.

Abstract: A composition for an organic electroluminescent device is a composition for forming an organic light emitting layer of an organic electroluminescent device by wet coating process. The composition contains a phosphorescent material, a charge transport material, and a solvent, in which the phosphorescent material and the charge transport material are each an unpolymerized organic compound, and the first oxidation potential of the phosphorescent material ED+, the first reduction potential of the phosphorescent material ED?, the first oxidation potential of the charge transporting material ET+, and the first reduction potential of the charge transporting material ET? satisfy the following condition: ET?+0.1?ED?<ET+?ED+?0.1 or ED?+0.1?ET?<ED+?ET+?0.1.

Abstract: A composition for an organic electroluminescent device is a composition for forming an organic light emitting layer of an organic electroluminescent device by wet coating process. The composition contains a phosphorescent material, a charge transport material, and a solvent, in which the phosphorescent material and the charge transport material are each an unpolymerized organic compound, and the first oxidation potential of the phosphorescent material ED+, the first reduction potential of the phosphorescent material ED?, the first oxidation potential of the charge transporting material ET+, and the first reduction potential of the charge transporting material ET? satisfy the following condition: ET?+0.1?ED?<ET+?ED+?0.1 or ED?+0.1?ET?<ED+?ET+?0.1.

Abstract: A method of controlling an illumination apparatus includes a malfunction detecting step for detecting a malfunction of an organic electroluminescence element based on its electrical characteristic, a short-circuit malfunction restoration step for applying a short-circuit malfunction restoration pulse to an element that is determined to be a short-circuit malfunction, a short-circuit malfunction restoration determination step for determining whether the element that is determined to be the short-circuit malfunction is restored, a malfunctioning element determination step for storing into a storage, when an element that is determined to be the short-circuit malfunction is not restored, individual information including identification information on the element as a malfunctioning element, and a turn-on control step for controlling the turn-on state of a light-emitting surface based on a state of distribution of the malfunctioning organic electroluminescence elements.

Abstract: A composition for an organic electroluminescent device is a composition for forming an organic light emitting layer of an organic electroluminescent device by wet coating process. The composition contains a phosphorescent material, a charge transport material, and a solvent, in which the phosphorescent material and the charge transport material are each an unpolymerized organic compound, and the first oxidation potential of the phosphorescent material ED+, the first reduction potential of the phosphorescent material ED?, the first oxidation potential of the charge transporting material ET+, and the first reduction potential of the charge transporting material ET? satisfy the following condition: ET?+0.1?ED?<ET+?ED+?0.1 or ED?+0.1?ET?<ED+?ET+?0.1.

Abstract: A composition for an organic electroluminescent device is a composition for forming an organic light emitting layer of an organic electroluminescent device by wet coating process. The composition contains a phosphorescent material, a charge transport material, and a solvent, in which the phosphorescent material and the charge transport material are each an unpolymerized organic compound, and the first oxidation potential of the phosphorescent material ED+, the first reduction potential of the phosphorescent material ED?, the first oxidation potential of the charge transporting material ET+, and the first reduction potential of the charge transporting material ET? satisfy the following condition: ET?+0.1?ED?<ET+?ED+?0.1 or ED?+0.1?ET?<ED+?ET+0.1.

Abstract: The invention provides an organic electroluminescent device which is excellent in heat resistance and weather resistance, emits light at a low voltage with high brightness, maintains stable luminescence characteristics in driving, and can be produced under broad process conditions. It comprises a substrate (1) having a luminescent layer (3) held between an anode (2) and a cathode (4). The cathode (4) comprises a metallic material, an alkali metal, and an oxygen atom. The cathode is formed by simultaneous vacuum deposition using a metallic material and an organic compound containing an alkali metal as deposition sources.

Abstract: The invention provides an organic electroluminescent device which is excellent in heat resistance and weather resistance, emits light at a low voltage with high brightness, maintains stable luminescence characteristics in driving, and can be produced under broad process conditions.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electroluminescent device having a deposition-preventing layer formed with accuracy therein to have a predetermined profile. The deposition-preventing layer facilitates sure microfabrication in producing the device. The radiative recombination probability in the non-selected area of the organic luminescent layer in the device is greatly reduced. The device has a substrate, a first electrode layer overlying said substrate, a first deposition-preventing layer partly overlying said first electrode layer and forming at least a portion of boundaries of an active area of said electroluminescent device and an organic luminescent layer and a second electrode layer formed in that order overlying said first electrode layer within said active area.