Abstract: The present invention provides a redox flow type battery which a liquid-circulating battery comprising a battery cell and storage tanks for positive and negative electrolytes, wherein the battery cell is separated by a membrane to provide a positive cell and a negative cell, each cell having a liquid-permeable porous electrode disposed therein, wherein the positive and negative electrolytes are sulfuric acid aqueous solutions with vanadium ion concentrations of 0.5 mol/l to 8 mol/l and the electrolyte which migrates through the membrane over cycles of charge and discharge is returned from the storage tank where the liquid increases to the storage tank where the liquid decreases in order to keep the change in the amounts of the positive and negative electrolytes in a certain range while charge and discharge are carried out.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-circulating type redox flow battery which comprises(a) said battery being defined by a ratio (H/L) where (H) is the average height of each of said porous electrodes in a flow direction of each of said electrolytic solutions, and (L) is the length of each of said porous electrodes in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of each of said electrolytic solutions, the ratio (H/L) being in the range of 0.18 to 1.95; and(b) said battery being defined by ratios (.SIGMA.s.sub.ai /S.sub.a) and (.SIGMA.s.sub.ci /S.sub.c) where (.SIGMA.s.sub.ai) is the sum of the cross-sectional area of an inlet for introducing said positive electrolytic solution into said positive cell, (.SIGMA.s.sub.ci) is the sum of the cross-sectional area of an inlet for introducing said negative electrolytic solution into said negative cell, (S.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid-circulating battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a permeable membrane interposed between the positive and negative electrodes to hold the same in separated relation to each other and to partition the same into a positive chamber and a negative chamber, two porous liquid-permeable carbon electrodes disposed respectively in the positive and negative electrolytic solutions being circulated respectively into the positive and negative chambers such that an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs and causes charging and discharging, wherein the permeable membrane is an ion-exchange me membrane including as an ion exchanger layer a polymeric pellicle which results from crosslinking of a halogenated alkylated product of an aromatic polysulfone type polymer with use of a polyamine and which has an ion exchange capacity of 0.3 to 8.0 milliequivalent/gram of dry resin and a thickness 0.1 to 120 .mu.

Abstract: An electrode for a secondary battery is described comprising an alkali metal carried on a carrier composed mainly of a carbonaceous material satisfying the following characteristics (1) and (2), and having a multiphasic structure comprising a nucleus and a surface layer around the nucleus,(1) a true density .rho. of 1.80 g/cm.sup.3 or more, and(2) in the Raman spectrum analysis using an argon ion laser beam with a wavelength of 5145 .ANG., it has a peak P.sub.A in the range of 1580 to 1620 cm.sup.-1 and a peak P.sub.B in the range of 1350 to 1370 cm.sup.-1, and the ratio of intensity I.sub.B Of the P.sub.B to intensity I.sub.A of the P.sub.A, R=I.sub.B /I.sub.A iS 0.4 or more.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode for secondary battery, which comprises an alkali metal as the active substance carried on a carrier composed of(1) 100 parts by weight of a carbonaceous material satisfying the following conditions:(A) a hydrogen/carbon atomic ratio of less than 0.15 and(B) a spacing (d.sub.002) of the (002) plane according to the X-ray wide angle diffraction method of 3.37 .ANG. or more and a crystallite size in the c-axis direction of (Lc) of 5 .ANG. or more, and0 to 70 parts by weight of a metal capable of forming an alloy with the active substance or an alloy of said metal and(2) 0.1 to 40 parts by weight of a fibrous organic polymer as the binder, which can give a negative electrode having excellent charging and discharging cycle characteristics and good flexibility to obtain secondary battery having large charging capacity.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode for secondary battery, which comprises lithium or an alkali metal composed mainly of lithium doped as the active substance in a carrier composed of a mixture of a carbonaceous material satisfying the following conditions (A) and an organic polymer having ion conductivity of lithium.(A) a carbonaceous material with a hydrogen/carbon (H/C) atomic ratio of less than 0.15, a spacing (d.sub.002) of the (002) plane according to the X-ray wide angle diffraction method of 3.37 to 3.75 .ANG. and a crystallite size in the c-axis direction (Lc) of 5 .ANG. or more.

Abstract: An electrode for a secondary battery, comprising a net or sheet made of a metal having laminated thereon a mixture comprising 85 to 99.9% by weight of a carbonaceous material and 0.1 to 15% by weight of an elastomer. The carbonaceous material has a hydrogen/carbon (H/C) atomic ratio of less than 0.15, a spacing (d.sub.002) of the (002) plane according to an X-ray wide angle diffraction method of 3.37 .ANG. to 3.75 .ANG., a volume average particle size of 0.5 .mu.m and a total fine pore volume of 1.5.times.10.sup.-3 ml/g or more. Lithium or a material substantially comprising lithium is carried on the carbonaceous material. The electrode has a thickness of 5 to 500 .mu.m. The resultant electrode has an high energy density, and has the requisite flexibility to obtain a coil-shaped electrode.

Abstract: A conjugated system-containing organic high molecular compound is described, which contains a recurring unit represented by the following structural formula (I) and has a number-average molecular weight of 1,000 or more: ##STR1## wherein m represents an integer of from 2 to 10; n represents an integer of from 1 to 23; B and B' respectively represent --NHCO-- and --CONH--, --CONH-- and --NHCO--, ##STR2## --A-- is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1-4 and R.sup.5-8 each independently is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an amino group, an alkylamino group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group, and groups of the following formulae (a), (b), and (c), provided that the groups of --A-- may be the same or different: ##STR4## wherein R.sup.9-12, R.sup.13-16, and R.sup.

Abstract: An optically functional element comprising an aromatic vinylene sulfide polymer as an optically changing element is disclosed. The optically functional element undergoes optical changes with low energy at a high rate to provide high contrast before and after the optical changes.

Abstract: There is disclosed a secondary battery having a negative electrode composed of an active substance and a carrier carrying the active substance, which comprises(1) the active substance is lithium or an alkali metal mainly composed of lithium,(2) the carrier is a mixture composed of(a) a carbonaceous material having(i) an atomic ratio of hydrogen/carbon of less than 0.15 and(ii) a spacing of (002) planes (d.sub.002) as determined by X-ray wide angle diffraction of 3.37 .ANG. or more and a crystallite size in the direction of c axis of 150 .ANG. or less, and(b) a metal capable of forming an alloy with the active substance and/or an alloy with the active substance.

Abstract: An organic high molecular liquid crystal containing the moiety shown by the following structural formula (1) as the recurring unit and having a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 100,000: ##STR1## wherein m represents an integer of from 2 to 10; n represents an integer of from 1 to 12; and --A--represents an aromatic group.The high molecular liquid crystal of this invention can be used for performing optical recording by utilizing the thermooptical effect thereof and also can be used as a fluorescence scattering liquid crystal element since the liquid crystal has a property of emitting fluorescence.

Abstract: An electrode material made of a carbonaceous material that is obtained by the pyrolysis of an organic compound capable of forming the graphite structure is disclosed. This carbonaceous material is such that the spacing of (002) planes, d002, is at least 3.37 .ANG. and thecrystallite size in the direction of c axis, Lc, is not more than 220 .ANG., as determined by X-ray wide-angle diffractiometry, and the line width .DELTA.Hpp between peaks in the first differential of the absorption spectrum of electron spin resonance is at least 10 gauss. The electrode material made of such carbonaceous material is capable of providing a stable secondary battery that produces high electromotive force and which has high energy density.

Abstract: There is disclosed a secondary battery using a non-aqueous solvent which comprises using a carbonaceous material obtained by carbonating an organic compound and having a pseudographite structure of a hydrogen/carbon ratio being 0.15 or less, a d.sub.002 being 3.37 .ANG. or more and a Lc being 150 .ANG. or less as a negative electrode.The battery has a large electric density, less in self-discharging and excellent in preservability.

Abstract: A block copolymer comprising 60 to 95 parts by weight of a binary or tertiary random copolymer block A comprising propylene, ethylene and/or butene-1 and 5 to 40 parts by weight of a binary or tertiary random copolymer block B comprising butene-1, propylene and, optionally, ethylene. This block copolymer can be shaped into a film having excellent heat sealability, transparency and blocking resistance.

Abstract: A crosslinked product is derived from an olefinic block copolymer comprising 5 to 70 parts by weight of at least one block (A), which is selected from homopolymer blocks of propylene and random copolymer blocks of propylene and ethylene or a C.sub.4-12 .alpha.-olefin and has a propylene content of 60 to 100% by weight, and 30 to 95 parts by weight of at least one block (B), which is a random copolymer of ethylene and at least one C.sub.3-12 .alpha.-olefin and has an ethylene content of 10 to 85% by weight. This crosslinked product is characterized in that:(1) the content therein of hot xylene insoluble components is from 5 to 75% by weight; and(2) the fluidity thereof, i.e., the quantity thereof flowing per second (cc/sec..times.10.sup.-3) out through the orifice of Koka flow tester, is 3 to 500 cc/sec..times.10.sup.

Abstract: A propylene block copolymer comprising propylene, ethylene and a straight-chain .alpha.-olefin of 5 to 12 carbon atoms is characterized in that: its limiting viscosity is 0.3 to 15 dl/g (at 135.degree. C., in decalin); it comprises specified quantities of these monomers; and when it is subjected to successive extraction with o-dichlorobenzene at 40.degree. C. and 80.degree. C., the quantities, fusion peak temperatures, and content of the .alpha.-olefin of the resulting fractions are respectively within specific limits of values.

Abstract: A propylene copolymer, which comprises units of (A) propylene, (B) a monomer selected from the group consisting of branched alpha-olefins (i.e. 4-methyl-1-pentene), styrene and styrene derivatives (e.g. methyl styrene), and (C) an optional monomer selected from the group consisting of straight-chain alpha-olefins of 2 to 12 carbon atoms other than propylene (e.g. ethylene), and which is defined by its thermal analysis data on a differential scanning calorimeter; and a process for producing the copolymer. Block copolymers are preferable.

Abstract: A copolymer of propylene and a straight-chain .alpha.-olefin of 5 to 12 carbon atoms is characterized in that: its intrinsic viscosity is 0.3 to 15 dl./g. (at 135.degree. C., in decalin); it contains 3 to 30 percent by weight of the .alpha.-olefin; and when it is subjected to successive extraction with o-dichlorobenzene at 40.degree. C. and 80.degree. C., the quantities, fusion peak temperatures, and content of the .alpha.-olefin of the resulting fractions are respectively within specific limits of values. A preferred copolymer contains about 0.5 to 50 percent of a propylene homopolymer block and about 99.5 to 50 percent of a random copolymer block of propylene and a straight chain .alpha.-olefin having 5 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A new propylene copolymer comprises a propylene homopolymer block and a terpolymeric random copolymer block of propylene, ethylene, and hexene-1 and is further characterized in that: (a) the proportion therein of the propylene homopolymer block is 97 to 80 percent by weight; (b) the terpolymeric random copolymer block has been so copolymerized that the contents therein of the propylene, ethylene, and hexene-1 based on their respective monomers are 80 to 98 percent, 5 to 1 percent, and 15 to 1 percent, respectively, all percentages being by weight; and (c) the intrinsic viscosity thereof in a decalin solution at 135.degree. C. is 0.3 to 15 dl/g.