Abstract: It is possible to realize an ideal software reception device which can demodulate a higher-order modulation signal without losing vector information even if a carrier wave is sampled with a frequency lower than the carrier wave. A sampling frequency is set so that a phase relationship of the sampling point of an alias signal generated by sampling of a carrier with a sampling frequency lower than the carrier wave coincides with a phase relationship of the sampling point of the carrier wave. That is, the sampling frequency is set so that the carrier wave frequency “fc” and the sampling frequency “fs” satisfy the relationship fs=4fc/(4k+1), wherein k is a positive integer. Thus, it is possible to perform undersampling of the carrier wave while holding the vector information and demodulate a higher-order modulation such as QPSK and 64 QAM.

Abstract: A front body of a vehicle has a pair of box shaped kick-down front side frames, which extend in a lengthwise direction, from front to back, of the vehicle, for forming an engine receiving volume. The kick-down front side frame is contituted by a straight front side frame portion and a kick-down frame portion by which the side frame is connected to a floor frame. A reinforcement, placed within the box-shaped kick-down fornt side frame so as to extend across the straight front side frame portion and kick-down frame portion, is provided with a crushable notch, near a transitional portion of the kick-down front side frame located between the straight front side frame portion and kick-down frame portion. The crushable notch allows the kick-down front side frame to be crushed, or bent, at the transitional portion in a desired pattern of deformation during a collision of the vehicle.

Abstract: An automobile underbody structure includes a floor panel having a pair of longitudinal side edges, each extending longitudinally of the automobile body structure and having a respective side sill rigidly secured from below to the associated side edge so as to extend in a direction generally parallel to the longitudinal dimension of the automobile body structure. A pair of side frames are positioned between the opposite side sills and are secured from below to an undersurface of the floor panel so as to extend generally parallel to the side sills. Two sets of a plurality of generally elongated torque boxes, one set for each side of the floor panel, are secured to the undersurface of the floor panel so as to represent a generally closed cross-section in cooperation with the floor panel.