Abstract: A training device includes a data acquirer that acquires training data including a first image of a first type and a second image of a second type that is different from the first type, a first trainer that repeats an epoch for causing the first image and the second image to be learned under a same condition multiple times, and a second trainer that repeats an epoch for training a trained learning model generated by the first trainer with a rate of error back-propagation in regard to the first image and a rate of error back-propagation in regard to the second image being made different from each other.

Abstract: A picture encoding method includes: generating encoded data of a luminance component of a picture and encoded data of a first color difference component which has a first resolution; generating interpolated data by applying one of a plurality of upsampling filters to data obtained by decoding the encoded data of the first color difference component; calculating difference data by obtaining differences in corresponding pixels between the interpolated data and a second color difference component of the picture which has a second resolution higher than the first resolution; generating encoded data of the difference data; and generating a stream that contains filter information indicating the applied upsampling filter, the encoded data of the luminance component, the encoded data of the first color difference component, and the encoded data of the difference data.

Abstract: A picture encoding method includes: generating encoded data of a luminance component of a picture and encoded data of a first color difference component which has a first resolution; generating interpolated data by applying one of a plurality of upsampling filters to data obtained by decoding the encoded data of the first color difference component; calculating difference data by obtaining differences in corresponding pixels between the interpolated data and a second color difference component of the picture which has a second resolution higher than the first resolution; generating encoded data of the difference data; and generating a stream that contains filter information indicating the applied upsampling filter, the encoded data of the luminance component, the encoded data of the first color difference component, and the encoded data of the difference data.

Abstract: A streaming system provides a streaming service to a node device. The streaming system includes: a newly-joined node device configured to newly join the streaming service and transmit a join request to a node device within a specified range; and a node device configured to receive the join request and return a join response corresponding to the join request to the newly-joined node device when the node device that receives the join request is capable of providing the streaming service. The newly-joined node device transmits a delivery request to a node device that first returns the join response corresponding to the join request.

Abstract: A node device used in a streaming system that provides a streaming service includes: a measurement unit configured to measure a first response time representing a round trip time with respect to a first node device that is a source of streaming data; a confirmation request generator configured to transmit a confirmation request for confirming whether delivery of streaming data is available to a node device within a specified range; and a transmitter configured to transmit a delivery request to a second node device that returns a confirmation response corresponding to the confirmation request during a period from when the confirmation request generator transmits the confirmation request until when the first response time elapses.

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus includes a detection unit detecting edge block candidates as blocks including an edge in an image composed of plural blocks, and a determination unit excluding an edge block candidate that is recognized as no necessity of image quality improving processing executed in image encoding processing from the detected edge block candidates and determining a remaining edge block candidate as edge block to be targeted in the image quality improving processing.

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus includes a detection unit detecting edge block candidates as blocks including an edge in an image composed of plural blocks, and a determination unit excluding an edge block candidate that is recognized as no necessity of image quality improving processing executed in image encoding processing from the detected edge block candidates and determining a remaining edge block candidate as edge block to be targeted in the image quality improving processing.