Abstract: A structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure include: a first base; a second base disposed to be opposed to the first base; and a bonding layer that is provided between the first base and the second base, and includes, in a layer, a layer including a first metal element and a second metal element, the first metal element having a free energy of oxide formation (?G) of ?330 (kJ/mol of compounds) or more at room temperature and a self-diffusion coefficient (D) of 1×10?55 (m2/s) or more at room temperature, and the second metal element having a free energy of oxide formation (?G) at room temperature smaller than the free energy of oxide formation (?G) at the room temperature of the first metal element.

Abstract: A masterbatch composition made from or containing: 65 to 85 wt % of a propylene homopolymer or copolymer as component (1) containing 0 to 3 wt % of ethylene or one or more C4-C10-?-olefin-derived units; and 15 to 35 wt % of a propylene-ethylene copolymer as component (2) containing 25 to 35 wt % of ethylene-derived units, wherein the masterbatch composition has: 1) a melt flow rate (230° C., load: 21.18 N) of 5 to 30 g/10 minutes; 2) xylene insolubles with an Mw of 10×104 to 30×104 and an Mw/Mn of 6 to 20 as measured by GPC; and 3) xylene solubles with an intrinsic viscosity of 5.5 to 9.0 dl/g.

Abstract: A masterbatch composition made from or containing: 65 to 85 wt % of a propylene homopolymer or copolymer as component (1) containing 0 to 3 wt % of ethylene or one or more C4-C10-?-olefin-derived units; and 15 to 35 wt % of a propylene-ethylene copolymer as component (2) containing 25 to 35 wt % of ethylene-derived units, wherein the masterbatch composition has: 1) a melt flow rate (230° C., load: 21.18 N) of 5 to 30 g/10 minutes; 2) xylene insolubles with an Mw of 10×104 to 30×104 and an Mw/Mn of 6 to 20 as measured by GPC; and 3) xylene solubles with an intrinsic viscosity of 5.5 to 9.0 dl/g.

Abstract: A cleaning blade (1) having an elastic body (11) molded from a rubber base material, and having at least a surface treatment layer (12) on the area of the elastic body (11) that is brought into contact with a body to be contacted, wherein the surface treatment layer (12) is formed by impregnating the surface layer portion of the elastic body (11) with a surface treatment liquid containing an isocyanate compound and an organic solvent and hardening the liquid. The elasticity modulus of the surface treatment layer (12) is 40 MPa or less, the elasticity modulus of the elastic body (11) is 3-20 MPa, and the difference between the elasticity modulus of the surface treatment layer (12) and the elasticity modulus of the elastic body (11) is 1 MPa or more.

Abstract: In a cleaning blade 1 having an elastic body 11, which is a molded article of a rubber material, the elastic body 11 having at least a surface-treated layer 12 formed at least on an abutting part with an object of contact, the surface-treated layer 12 is formed by impregnating the elastic body 11 with a surface treatment liquid which contains a bi-functional isocyanate compound, a tri-functional polyol, and an organic solvent, or with a surface treatment liquid which contains an organic solvent and an isocyanate-group-containing compound having an isocyanate group yielded through reaction between the bi-functional isocyanate compound and the tri-functional polyol, followed by curing; the ratio between an isocyanate group contained in the bi-functional isocyanate compound and a hydroxyl group contained in the tri-functional polyol (NCO group/OH group) is 1.0 to 1.5; and the surface-treated layer has a thickness of 10 ?m to 100 ?m.

Abstract: A cleaning blade (1) having an elastic body (11) molded from a rubber base material, and having at least a surface treatment layer (12) on the area of the elastic body (11) that is brought into contact with a body to be contacted, wherein the surface treatment layer (12) is formed by impregnating the surface layer portion of the elastic body (11) with a surface treatment liquid containing an isocyanate compound and an organic solvent and hardening the liquid. The elasticity modulus of the surface treatment layer (12) is 40 MPa or less, the elasticity modulus of the elastic body (11) is 3-20 MPa, and the difference between the elasticity modulus of the surface treatment layer (12) and the elasticity modulus of the elastic body (11) is 1 MPa or more.

Abstract: In a cleaning blade 1 having an elastic body 11, which is a molded article of a rubber material, the elastic body 11 having at least a surface-treated layer 12 formed at least on an abutting part with an object of contact, the surface-treated layer 12 is formed by impregnating the elastic body 11 with a surface treatment liquid which contains a bi-functional isocyanate compound, a tri-functional polyol, and an organic solvent, or with a surface treatment liquid which contains an organic solvent and an isocyanate-group-containing compound having an isocyanate group yielded through reaction between the bi-functional isocyanate compound and the tri-functional polyol, followed by curing; the ratio between an isocyanate group contained in the bi-functional isocyanate compound and a hydroxyl group contained in the tri-functional polyol (NCO group/OH group) is 1.0 to 1.5; and the surface-treated layer has a thickness of 10 ?m to 100 ?m.