Abstract: A cathode catalyst layer includes a cathode catalyst to hydrogenate a substance to be hydrogenated and a water repellent including an aggregate of arbitrary primary particles, the water repellent having a higher affinity for the substance to be hydrogenated and an organic hydride than for water. A volume fraction of the water repellent in the cathode catalyst layer is higher than 10 vol % with respect to the volume of the total solid content of the cathode catalyst layer.

Abstract: An organic hydride production system includes: an electrolytic bath having a cathode chamber, a first cathode opening, and a second cathode opening, in which the first cathode opening is disposed below the second cathode opening; a catholyte supply device capable of switching between supply of a catholyte from the first cathode opening to the cathode chamber and supply of the catholyte from the second cathode opening to the cathode chamber; and a control device that controls the catholyte supply device so as to form an upflow of the catholyte in the cathode chamber in a steady state and form a downflow of the catholyte in the cathode chamber under a predetermined condition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for efficiently producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material, which comprises a step of performing multiple parallel fermentation while continuously or intermittently adding an additional saccharification enzyme to a fermentation liquid comprising a lignocellulosic raw material, a saccharification enzyme and a yeast so that the physical property value of the fermentation liquid itself is maintained within a preset range.

Abstract: A cathode catalyst layer includes a cathode catalyst to hydrogenate a substance to be hydrogenated, a porous catalyst support supporting the cathode catalyst, and a non-porous body including an aggregate of arbitrary primary particles. A volume fraction of the non-porous body in the cathode catalyst layer is higher than 10 vol % with respect to the volume of the total solid content of the cathode catalyst layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for efficiently producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material, which comprises a step of performing multiple parallel fermentation while continuously or intermittently adding an additional saccharification enzyme to a fermentation liquid comprising a lignocellulosic raw material, a saccharification enzyme and a yeast so that the physical property value of the fermentation liquid itself is maintained within a preset range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for efficiently producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material, which comprises a step of performing multiple parallel fermentation while continuously or intermittently adding an additional saccharification enzyme to a fermentation liquid comprising a lignocellulosic raw material, a saccharification enzyme and a yeast so that the physical property value of the fermentation liquid itself is maintained within a preset range.