Abstract: Compositions, kits and methods for diagnosing and treating an increased risk of moderate to severe COVID-19 disease involves a composition comprising at least one reagent capable of detecting, binding, specifically complexing with, or measuring the level of one of a subject marker in a sample. Optionally, a composition of the invention further comprises a reagent capable of detecting, binding, specifically complexing with, or measuring the expression of a subject biomarker.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the non-invasive diagnosis of likelihood of HIV remission after antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption, prediction of time-to-viral-rebound in an HIV subject after ART interruption and prediction of the probability of viral rebound in an HIV subject after ART interruption. Methods for treating HIV subjects by increasing or decreasing expression of certain metabolites or glycans are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising anti-Siglec antibodies and nucleic acid molecules encoding the same, and methods for treating or preventing a disease or disorder using the same.

Abstract: A method of reducing or inhibiting migration of HIV-infected CD4+ T cells to tissues comprises contacting the infected cells with a ligand that prevents or inhibits the interaction between a T cell-surface fucosylated glycan and its glycan-binding protein or with a molecule that metabolically inhibits glycosylation or fucosylation in said cell. In vitro and in vivo methods are described. Also described is a diagnostic method employing labeled ligands that bind a fucosylated glycan and provide a signal detectable by non-invasive imaging.

Abstract: Methods for identifying or monitoring or treating HIV persistence or the development of an HIV-comorbidity in an HIV+ subject involve certain selected glycan dysregulations. In certain embodiments, hyposialylation in the total IgG glycome or total plasma glycome of an HIV+ subject during or after antiretroviral therapy is an indication of HIV persistence and can be predictive of developing co-morbidities. Methods of treating HIV persistence or preventing developing co-morbidities involves modifying or manipulating the selected glycan by administering therapeutic agents that will modify the levels of the selected glycan, a precursor thereof, or another component of its pathway.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the seminal discovery of methods of using recombinant galectin proteins to reverse HIV latency. Specifically, the present invention relates to the use of recombinant galectin-9 (rGal-9) to reactivate latent HIV, wherein the HIV is hypermutated rendering the virus replication incompetent. Further, rGal-9 induces the expression of APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases and NFkB pathway components and decreases histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression.