Abstract: The invention relates to properties and uses of N-hydrocarbon substituted lactams, particularly N-alkyl substituted lactams having the formula ##STR1## wherein R' is a hydrophobic radical such as linear or branched chain alkyl group containing from 8 to 27 carbon atoms, most preferably micelle forming pyrrolidones having 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the R' group. The invention particularly relates to the uses of the N-hydrocarbon substituted lactams which involve surfactant properties, such as solubility, wetting, viscosity building, emulsifying and/or complexing properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to properties and uses of N-hydrocarbon substituted lactams, particularly N-alkyl substituted lactams having the formula ##STR1## wherein R' is a hydrophobic radical such as linear or branched chain alkyl group containing from 8 to 27 carbon atoms, most preferably micelle forming pyrrolidones having 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the R' group. The invention particularly relates to the uses of the N-hydrocarbon substituted lactams which involve surfactant properties, such as solubility, wetting, viscosity building, emulsifying and/or complexing properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to the addition product formed from the reaction of a tertiary amino substituted alkyl lactam having the formula ##STR1## and a haogenated silicone having the formulae ##STR2## wherein m has a value of from 1 to 3; n has a value of from 1 to 100; r has a value of from 0 to 3, R.sub.14 is ##STR3## or R.sub.15R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9 andR.sub.15 are each individually alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, haloalkyl-phenyl, halophenyl or mixtures thereof and wherein at least one of said substituents bonded to a silicon atom is a radical having a haloalkyl group;R is alkylene having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with lower alkyl, carboxyl, halo or ##STR4## R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 are each independently lower alkyl and p has a value of from 1 to 6.

Abstract: What is provided herein are new and useful surfactants characterized by having a large number of hydroxyl hydrophilic groups therein with the formula: ##STR1## where R is a long chain alkyl group,Z is O or --NH, andn=1-4.

Abstract: What is provided herein are new and useful N-pyrrolidonyl alkyl amino 1,3,4-butanetriol compounds having the formula: ##STR1## where X is alkylene C.sub.1 -C.sub.5, andn is 1-4.

Abstract: This invention provides novel and useful surfactants having the formula: ##STR1## where R is a long chain fatty acid alkyl group, saturated or unsaturated, e.g. having from 8-22 carbon atoms, as for example, lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, palmityl, myristyl, and mixtures such as coco, tallow, etc.,M is a metal ion, preferably an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium, etc., andn is 1-6.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the selective preparation of an N-alkyl lactam having minimal coloration by reacting the corresponding lactone with an alkyl amine in the presence of a catalytic amount of an ammonium, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal borohydride.

Abstract: A stable iodine complex formed from the association of iodine with a pyrrolidonyl surfactant and its use in therapeutic, environmental and industrial applications and particularly as low foaming disinfectants for gradual release of iodine over significantly extended periods.

Abstract: A stable iodine complex formed from the association of iodine with a pyrrolidonyl surfactant and its use in therapeutic, environmental and industrial applications and particularly as low foaming disinfectants for gradual release of iodine over significantly extended periods.

Abstract: (1) Pyrrolidonyl acrylate block polymers having the formula ##STR1## wherein n has a value of 1 to 3; X and X' are dissimilar and each is hydrogen or methyl; y and z each have a value of from 1 to 40, except that at least one of y and z is greater than 1 and R is hydrogen or methyl;(2) preparation of said polymers and(3) uses of said polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is ##STR2## B is C.sub.8-24 alkyl--; ##STR3## Y and Z are each H or C.sub.1-12 alkyl; m is an integer having a value of 1 to 100;n is an integer having a value of 2 to 50;p is an integer having a value of 0 or 1;s is an integer having a value of 1 or 2;R' is H or CH.sub.3 andA is H or ##STR4## wherein R" is hydrogen or methyl and r is an integer having a value of from 1 to 100.The invention also relates to the process for the preparation of said compounds, as well as the process of using them as a surfactant or complexing agent and compositions therefor.

Abstract: (1) Pyrrolidonyl acrylate block polymers having the formula ##STR1## wherein n has a value of 1 to 3; X and X' are dissimilar and each is hydrogen or methyl; y and z each have a value of from 1 to 40, except that at least one of y and z is greater than 1 and R is hydrogen or methyl;(2) preparation of said polymers and(3) uses of said polymers.

Abstract: Copolymers of propylene oxide and N-epoxy propyl lactams having the structures ##STR1## wherein R is ##STR2## a has a value of 1-3; p has a value of 1-2; m has a value of 0-1; k has a value of 2-200; w and z each have a value of 2-50 x and y have a value of 2-100; and also the process for preparing the aforementioned copolymers as well as their use as surfactants.

Abstract: This invention relates to an oil drilling foaming agent comprising a mixture of from about 40% to about 60% by weight of a branched chain hexyl poly(oxyalkanediyl) sulfuric acid or sulfuric salt combined with from about 60% to about 40% by weight of a branched chain octyl- and/or branched chain decyl- poly(oxyalkanediyl) sulfuric acid or sulfuric salt, wherein the number average molecular weight of each of the components in the mixture is between about 180 and about 600. The above composition, in the presence of moisture, provides a superior foaming agent which is particularly useful in geothermal and air drilling operations. The high stability and foaming power of this composition over a wide range of electrolyte and/or electrolyte-diesel fuel concentrations also recommends its use in foam marker formulations, as a component in wall board manufacture and in other energy related applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment to remove dioxane from gaseous effluents by contacting the effluent with a concentrated acid having a pK.sub.1 value of not more than 5 to complex the dioxane with acid preliminary to venting the treated gaseous effluent to the atmosphere and disposing of the complex wherein the dioxane is concentrated.

Abstract: Dioxane contaminant is removed from a phosphate ester surfactant having a chain of repeating ethyleneoxy units and containing residual phosphoric acid by means of a process which involves mixing the phosphate ester surfactant with a sufficient quantity of a neutralization agent of substantially completely neutralize residual phosphoric acid contained in said surfactant, and then separating dioxane from said phosphate ester surfactant until the dioxane level is below about 10 ppm. The neutralization agent can be a base such as sodium hydroxide.